Preparing for an outdoor adventure includes knowing what to do when encountering wildlife, particularly those that can cause significant physical harm. Moose attacks are no joke, and you should know how to handle them before heading out into the wild. 

Moose Basics

As the largest species of the deer family and the tallest animal in North America, moose are majestic and intimidating creatures. They can grow to be 7 feet tall and 9 feet long, and weigh well over 1100 pounds. Males are called bulls and females are called cows. Bulls carry grand, palmated antlers that they shed and regrow yearly. These bony protrusions help show their dominance and attract cows during mating season. 

Despite their enormous size, moose are what you’d call gentle giants. They have a generally passive demeanor, strolling through their habitats and munching on plants and tree bark. You’ll mostly find them in the northern regions of the U.S., predominantly in Maine and Alaska, as well as throughout Canada. 

The Rise of Moose Attacks

While moose are typically docile creatures, certain triggers can provoke them into defensive or aggressive behavior. The last thing you want is a 7-foot-tall animal with giant antlers charging at you. There are several reasons why this might occur. 

Bulls typically become more aggressive during mating season in late September and October. During this period, slight provocations can cause them to get confrontational and even hostile. In the early spring, cows can also display threatening behaviors when protecting their young calves. If you see a calf on its own, tread carefully as you may have come between it and its mother — not a good place to be.

Hunger can also make moose more dangerous and more likely to attack, though this pretty much applies to any large animal you encounter in the wild. 

Human-Moose Conflicts

Every year, reports of moose attacks on humans emerge, underscoring the need for proper precautions. 

Conflicts often arise when humans and moose share the same space, particularly in areas where human development encroaches on moose habitats. These hostilities can result from accidental encounters or instances where moose feel cornered by human presence. Urban expansion, habitat loss and increased human activity in wilderness areas can escalate tensions.

Being large and powerful animals, moose can pose a threat to humans if they feel provoked or perceive a potential danger. One dangerous thing about them is they’re largely unafraid of humans, unlike other deer species. For this reason, they’re just as likely to charge at you as ignore your presence. 

The probability of a moose encounter going wrong isn’t as high as that of a bear. Nevertheless, while moose attacks are nowhere near as deadly as grizzly bear confrontations, they’re generally more frequent. According to the Alaska Department of Fish and Game, moose pose a greater threat of causing injury than bears because of their large numbers close to certain habited areas.

Dog-Provoked Aggression

You’ll want to be extra careful when hiking or camping in moose country with a dog. Moose dislike dogs because they bark loudly at them, causing agitation. If your furry friend runs up to a moose, barks at it and runs back to you, it will likely charge at both of you. 

Reading Moose Body Language

An agitated moose preparing to attack will often present a number of telltale signs. Before venturing into their territory, you should know how to read these body signals. 

According to experts, the clearest indication of aggression is if the animal sticks its tongue out and starts licking its mouth. No, this doesn’t mean the moose is relishing the thought of feasting on you. Moose use their tongues to collect the scent of the threat and size it up. When you see this, chances are it is prepping to trample or gore you with its antlers. 

Other signs to look for include low-pinned ears, raised hair on the neck and bulging eyeballs. These serve as a warning that the animal is uncomfortable with your presence and is likely considering a fight-or-flight response.

What to Do if a Moose Attacks You

If a moose begins to act aggressively toward you, follow these steps to increase your chances of survival and minimize injuries.

1. Stay calm: Try to remain as calm as possible. Given the sheer size of the animal and its sharp antlers, this is obviously easier said than done. However, panicking will only worsen the situation by preventing you from thinking clearly. 
2. Create distance: If possible, slowly back away from the moose while watching its movements. You want to put distance between yourself and the animal while showing that you’re no threat. 
3. Seek cover: If the moose continues to charge or attack, run as fast as you can in the opposite direction. Look for cover behind a large tree, rock or other solid object that can provide adequate protection. Being out of the animal’s sight may calm it down enough for it to lose interest in the pursuit. 
4. Protect your head and vital organs: If the moose knocks you down, curl into a ball with your hands protecting your head and neck. This position can help minimize injuries from hooves or antlers. In some cases, playing dead may deter further aggression from the moose. Stay still and avoid making sudden movements until the animal loses interest.
5. Seek medical attention: Even if you believe your injuries are minor after the attack, seek medical attention promptly. Moose attacks can cause serious injuries that may not be immediately apparent.

The Role of Habitat Loss in Increased Moose Aggression

With their natural habitats dwindling, moose are forced to live closer to human settlements, agricultural lands and recreational areas. This environmental pressure can trigger stress and territorial behavior in moose, heightening the likelihood of confrontations with humans. Imagine vast forests giving way to urban sprawl, pushing moose populations into smaller, fragmented habitats where they must compete for resources and space. 

Moose-vehicle collisions are a particularly concerning implication as they seem to occur more frequently. The National Park Service estimates accidents involving various deer species account for around 440 human deaths and 59,000 injuries yearly. 

Consequently, conservation efforts must prioritize wildlife habitat preservation, restoration and corridor connectivity — providing seamless access to woodlands and forests in human-populated areas. Implementing the necessary changes for moose to thrive in their natural environment can help mitigate conflicts and promote coexistence.

Avoid Moose Attacks During Your Next Adventure 

Nothing ruins an outdoor expedition quicker than a wildlife attack, especially from one of the largest animals on the planet with big, strong antlers. Take care to understand and respect these animals’ behaviors, maintain a safe distance in the wild and avoid actions that could agitate or startle them.

The post Surviving Moose Attacks: What You Need To Know Before Your Next Adventure appeared first on Modded.

At 20,310 feet above sea level, Mount Denali in Alaska has the distinct honor of being the highest mountain in North America. Set against a backdrop of brilliant blue sky and towering glaciers, its imposing stature makes even the most experienced climbers skittish. For many, the toughness of the challenge makes the victory more satisfying. Having this mindset is key if you’re going to take on the snow-covered peaks of Denali.

The mountain has everything — treacherous terrain, extreme weather, fixed lines, steep altitudes — the whole roster. You want to make sure you’re well-prepared for your expedition. So here are the eight most essential prep tips to help you train adequately for your journey. 

1. Get Your Experience Up 

Hiking up the highest mountain in North America requires a ton of practical mountaineering experience. Thousands of people sign up yearly, with only a 53% success rate for the average individual. Glacier travel is no joke and you’ll need to acquire ample experience with ascending and descending glaciated peaks to prepare for this climb better. 

Improving your technical climbing skills is also imperative, especially regarding route finding and crevasse rescue procedures. You’ll find many professional courses covering essentials like fixed-line climbing and self-arrest techniques to work your way up Denali’s challenging topography. 

2. Pre-Acclimatize Before Your Trip

Denali is a super cold place. The mountain is located in the Denali National Park and Preserve, a massive expanse spanning 6.1 million acres with arctic-type conditions almost year round. This expedition environment can be unforgiving, especially to the uninitiated. You must build up your adaptability to winter camping and traversing at high altitudes. 

Professional guide services require climbers to have good acclimatization before they can embark on the expedition. While many online resources and prep programs exist, practical experience remains the best teacher. Go on numerous training climbs on more accessible snowy peaks, gradually building up to longer exposures at increasing altitudes. Generally, it takes 1-3 days for the body to acclimatize at a particular altitude. Your body has to re-acclimatize as you ascend. 

3. Get in Prime Mountaineering Shape 

Hamstrings, muscle cramps and altitude sickness will dampen your climb. You must be in peak physical and mental condition to America’s highest mountain. If you haven’t hiked in a while, you might want to start doing strength training, increasing the tempo as you progress. 

Even if you travel frequently, engage in physical activities to prepare your body for the trek. The National Park Service recommends training with a 40-70 lb backpack, which you’ll carry across uneven terrain for 6-8 hours. There’s also work to be done setting up camp and implementing safety measures, so improving your endurance is crucial. 

4. Learn How to Ride on Sleds 

Don’t just come to Denali for the climb. Familiarize yourself with the terrain and take some time to enjoy the breathtaking scenery all around you. Dog mushing is Alaska’s state sport and offers one of the best ways to explore the park. Authorized guide services may provide sledding services and safety lessons. There’s also an on-site kennel where you can meet the dogs and cuddle the puppies — another highlight to your unforgettable trip. 

You’ll use sleds to haul your gear up the mountain when the proper climb begins. However, these will be attached to your waist. Hiking up snowy trails while dragging a heavy pack is physically demanding and risky. You must know the basics of distributing weight evenly from front to back and having redundant attachments to provide immediate backup if one attachment point fails. 

5. Invest in High-Quality Gear 

Minor details such as your jacket zipper and equipment buckles can greatly impact your mountain climbing experience. High-quality gear is more durable under extreme conditions and can often be a lifesaver during your hike. 

Pack lots of layered clothing and double-insulated boots to keep warm at all times — the risks of hypothermia and frostbite increase the higher you climb. Remember to personally test every piece of equipment and redundancies before embarking on the climb. 

6. Take the Well-Beaten Path 

Denali’s least technical ascent route is fraught with complexity enough, so there’s hardly any need to overcomplicate things by selecting a more challenging path. Plus, more people sign up for the route with the most minor climbing difficulties, so reaching the minimum size for travel groups is quicker. According to the park records, over 90% of Mount Denali hikers climb through the West Buttress pass. 

7.  Know Your Limits

You know your body best. Don’t overexert to the point of endangering yourself or others. If you’re having problems, notify the hike leader right away. Many climbers experience headaches, blurry vision and fatigue during the journey. These tend to subside as they acclimate to the altitude and get some rest. However, worsening symptoms might indicate Acute Mountain Sickness, requiring you to return to lower elevations immediately.

Make sure you eat enough. Your nutrient reserves deplete faster during exertion, so you need lots of calorie-rich foods to keep your energy levels up. 

8. Enhance Team Dynamics and Communication 

The highest mountain in North America is a global monument, attracting adventurers and thrill seekers worldwide. Since 2022, 34% of climbers at Denali have come from outside the U.S., so expect a diverse climb team with varying individual cultural backgrounds and philosophies. However, once the climb commences, these differences take a secondary role. Summiting Denali demands teamwork, communication and a relaxed attitude. 

You’re climbing as a group and you need to trust each other and cultivate a supportive environment. Keep to agreed timelines and maintain a commitment to safety. Lastly, lend a helping hand as needed. It could be you who needs the extra assistance the next day. 

Conquer the Highest Mountain in the U.S.

Denali stands tall and majestic, overlooking the pristine Alaskan wilderness. The mountain poses the ultimate challenge, daring the bravest climbers to attempt its summit. Going on such a high-altitude hike is one of life’s most exhilarating experiences, so ensure you’re well-prepped for the journey. Let these tips be a starting point in your preparations for the achievement of a lifetime.

The post 8 Prep Tips for Hiking the Highest Mountain in North America appeared first on Modded.

As you lace up your hiking boots and step into the great outdoors, the beauty of nature unfolds before you with every step. Moreover, there’s the added thrill of potentially encountering wildlife — including various types of bears — in their natural habitats.

Whether it’s the dense, whispering forests, the vast, open mountains or the tranquil, hidden valleys, each trail offers its unique charm. Keep your senses sharp and your camera ready in these situations. Meeting a bear on the trail can turn an ordinary hike into an extraordinary adventure.

5 Types of Bears Commonly Seen While Hiking

As you embark on your next hiking adventure, it’s fascinating to consider the variety of bear species you might come across in the wild. From the familiar black bear to the formidable grizzly, each type has unique traits and habitats, enriching your outdoor experience with their presence.

1. Black Bears

Black bears — recognized as North America’s most familiar and common bears — are a sight to behold with their sleek, dark fur and robust build. Sometimes, these bears can sport lighter cinnamon shades.

Typically weighing between 200 and 600 pounds, these adaptable creatures roam from the dense forests of Canada and Alaska, stretching south into parts of the U.S. and Mexico. As you explore these regions, you might spot them foraging in the woods or crossing a meadow, a testament to their wide-ranging habitats and ability to thrive in various environments.

2. Grizzly Bears

Grizzly bears, also known as brown bears, are larger and more robust than their black bear cousins, with a distinct muscular hump on their shoulders and longer, curved claws for digging. Their fur can range from a dark brown to a light tan, often with grizzled gray or golden tips, giving them their name.

You’ll typically find them in the northern Rocky Mountains, parts of Alaska and some isolated areas in western Canada, where they roam from coastal areas to mountain forests. As you venture into these wild, less-populated regions, watch for these imposing yet magnificent types of bears in their natural habitats.

3. Polar Bears

While hiking, encountering a polar bear is rare, as these majestic creatures predominantly roam the icy, remote Arctic regions. Suppose your adventures take you to colder climates, especially Alaska. 

You might be among the lucky few who spot one of the estimated 4,000 to 7,000 polar bears residing there. Known for their stark white fur, which helps them blend seamlessly into their snowy surroundings, polar bears are a thrilling sight, embodying the wild spirit of the Arctic’s vast landscapes.

4. Asiatic Bears

Asiatic bears, often called moon bears for the distinctive crescent-shaped white patch on their chest, boast a sleek black coat and a relatively small size compared to other types of bears. These species primarily dwell in the forested areas of Asia. 

They roam through countries like Japan, Korea, China and parts of Russia and India. As you wander through these lush landscapes, watch for these unique creatures. They blend remarkably well into the dense foliage of their woodland habitats.

5. Sloth Bears

Sloth bears stand out among their bear relatives with their shaggy black coats and a distinctive pale, shaggy mane around their faces. Unlike other bears, sloth bears primarily feast on insects. They use their long, curved claws and uniquely adapted lips to extract termites and bees from their nests expertly.

They are native to the Indian subcontinent. However, suppose your travels or visits to wildlife reserves take you around the U.S. You might find it intriguing that there are about 30 sloth bears across 15 facilities in the country. They offer a rare glimpse of these fascinating creatures far from their natural habitats.

Preparing for Bear Encounters

Preparing correctly and staying aware of your surroundings is crucial when hiking in bear country. Before you set out, pack bear-safe food containers to store your snacks securely, reducing the chance of attracting curious types of bears. Additionally, it’s wise to bring high-energy snacks like nuts, trail mix and energy bars to keep your energy levels up during your trek.

If you find yourself face-to-face with a bear, remain calm and avoid running or making sudden movements, as these can trigger a chase response. Speak in a relaxed, firm voice to let the bear know you are human and not prey. Always carry bear spray, a vital tool to deter a bear from approaching. It releases a cloud of pepper spray up to about 10 meters at over 100km per hour.

Suppose the bear does not retreat. Use your bear spray as directed, aiming carefully and allowing the spray to create a barrier between you and the bear. It facilitates your safe withdrawal from the area. Remember, your safety comes first, so educate yourself and be prepared for encounters.

Best Practices for Bear Watching

In 2023, over 61 million Americans embraced the great outdoors through hiking. They connect with nature and often encounter its majestic inhabitants, like various types of bears. When observing and photographing these powerful creatures, it’s essential to maintain a safe distance to ensure your safety and their peace.

Equip yourself with binoculars or a camera with a strong zoom lens to capture stunning images from afar. This method provides remarkable snapshots and protects the bears’ natural behavior and environment.

While enjoying the thrill of bear watching, remember the ethical responsibility to respect and preserve wildlife and their habitats. Avoid disturbing or threatening bears, such as getting too close or trying to feed them.

By acting responsibly, you contribute to conservation efforts and ensure future generations will enjoy the opportunity to witness these incredible animals in their natural settings. Keep in mind that observing from a distance is safer and more respectful to the wildlife you’re admiring.

Where and When to Hike for Optimal Bear Sightings

The best times to see bears in the wild are during the spring when they emerge from hibernation and in early fall as they bulk up for the winter. In North America, prime spots for bear sightings include Yellowstone and Glacier National Parks. They are known for their grizzly populations, while the Great Smoky Mountains have black bears.

Consider joining guided wildlife tours or bear-watching hiking groups to enhance your experience and ensure safety. Knowledgeable guides lead these tours and can provide insights into bear behaviors and habitats. It greatly increases your chances of a sighting while maintaining a respectful distance from these magnificent creatures.

Understanding Bear Behavior and Safety on the Trail

Before setting out on your next hiking adventure, take the time to educate yourself about bears and other wildlife you may encounter. Knowledge of their behaviors and habitats enriches your experience. It ensures a safer journey for you and the animals you observe.

The post 5 Types of Bears You Might Encounter on Your Next Hiking Trip appeared first on Modded.

Spending a couple of days in the great outdoors doesn’t mean you have to restrict your diet to trail mix or granola bars. There’s an abundance of nourishing delicacies to fill your camping meal plan throughout the trip. These easy campfire meals cover all your bases — from single-skillet recipes to prepped foil packets you can enjoy on the go. 

1. Hot Dogs With Cast-Iron Beans

Hot dogs are a classic camping meal ready to fuel you up for the adventures of the day. This filling recipe is easy to throw together. You only need a cast iron skillet and a hot grill. 

Ingredients

• Six hot dogs
• Six hot dog buns
• One can of small white beans
• Olive oil
• One small onion
• Plum tomatoes
• Two garlic cloves 
• Two tablespoons of molasses
• Kosher salt and freshly ground black pepper
• Worcestershire sauce
• Mustard, ketchup and relish for serving

The cooking process is quite straightforward, too. Simply heat the olive oil in the skillet and add the onions, garlic, tomatoes and beans, making sure to stir occasionally. Season with salt and pepper, then add the Worcestershire. Grill the hot dogs over direct heat until warmed through. Serve and enjoy. 

2. Camper’s Breakfast Hash

This dish has everything you’d want from a hearty breakfast meal — delicious, filling and easy to make. 

Ingredients

• Two packages of shredded hash brown potatoes
• One pack of fully-cooked breakfast sausage links
• One cup of shredded cheddar cheese
• One-quarter cup butter
• One-quarter cup chopped onion
• One-quarter cup chopped green pepper
• 12 large eggs
• Salt and pepper to taste

Start by melting the butter in a heavy skillet over medium heat. Add the hash browns, sausage, green pepper and onion, gently cooking for around 15-20 minutes until the potatoes are lightly browned. Push the mixture toward the edge of the pan and crack in the eggs. Season with salt and pepper when the eggs are thoroughly cooked, then add the shredded cheese. Cover the skillet and let the cheese melt before giving the mixture one final stir. 

3. Protein Waffles

These waffles pack a whopping 17 grams of protein per serving. But the best part is this quick dish consists of only three ingredients: bananas, eggs and your favorite protein powder. It might be best to prepare the batter ahead of time and store it in a sealed container. This way, when you’re ready to cook, you only need to prep the waffle maker. 

Protein waffles are super customizable, so feel free to top yours with anything from buttermilk syrup to peach jam. 

4. Spinach-Artichoke Dip with Roasted Bread

This delicious dip is the perfect campfire snack after a long day exploring the wild. And the best part is you can prepare everything in a single pan or skillet. 

Ingredients

• One can of artichokes
• One pack of frozen-leaf spinach
• One pack of cream cheese
• One clove of pressed garlic
• One loaf of country bread
• Half a cup of sour cream
• Half a cup of grated parmesan
• Lemon juice and zest
• Salt and freshly ground black pepper

Mix all the wet ingredients in a bowl, carefully folding in the artichokes and spinach. Season the mixture with the black pepper and salt, then transfer it to your skillet. Top with some more grated parmesan and cover with an aluminum foil. Cook until bubbly and golden brown. Grill the bread over indirect heat until crisp and dig in. 

5. Gnocchi Foil Packet

Fancy a tasty pasta meal for lunch? Cook these handy gnocchi packs straight on the grill — no boiling water necessary and zero dishes to clean afterward. 

Ingredients

• Store-bought gnocchi
• Shucked corn 
• Cherry tomatoes
• Unsalted butter, cut into cubes
• Two garlic cloves 
• Salt and red pepper flakes
• Dry white wine
• Finely chopped fresh basil
• Grated parmesan
• Freshly ground black pepper

The most complex part of this process is folding the foil packets so they’re leak-free and able to hold form during cooking. Divide the ingredients into the packs, drizzling the white wine evenly. The foil packets trap in steam from the wine, cooking the gnocchi to perfectly tender and elevating the flavors of the corn and basil. Eat directly out of the packet.

6. Hot Chili Mama 

This make-ahead campfire meal packs a punch and can be the perfect way to spice up your outdoor experience, literally. 

Ingredients

• Three pounds of lean ground turkey (or other protein of your choice)
• Three chopped tomatillos
• Two minced garlic cloves
• One can of chili 
• One can of beer
• One pound of frozen cannellini beans 
• One finely chopped carrot
• One large yellow onion
• One chopped orange bell pepper
• Finely chopped habaneros
• Chili powder
• Dried thyme

Since you’ll be preparing the dish ahead, you have the luxury of time, plus access to all the proper utensils. Start by browning the ground turkey in a large stock pot. Add the rest of the ingredients and let it simmer for 2 ½ hours before packing. Consider your spice tolerance when adding the habanero and chili powder. Remember, there are no standard bathroom facilities in the wild. 

7. Salmon With Vegetables in Foil

Smothered in fresh ingredients, these salmon filets are cooked to perfection, staying super-tender and juicy inside foil packets.

Ingredients

• Four skin-on salmon filets
• Salt and freshly ground black pepper
• Unsalted butter, melted
• Chopped fresh dill
• Finely chopped garlic
• Lemon zest
• Red bell peppers
• Frozen corn
• Frozen lima beans

Season the filets with salt and pepper, making sure to place each piece on the foil skin-side down. Combine the remaining ingredients in a bowl and spoon the mixture over the salmon evenly. Wrap the foil tightly and grill over the campfire. Garnish with dill when ready to serve. 

Easy Campfire Meals

Camping is the perfect getaway for escaping into the great outdoors and relaxing with the sounds of nature. Don’t let complicated cooking get in the way of your adventure. Take advantage of these easy campfire meals for your next trip.

The post 8 Easy Campfire Meals for Your Next Outdoor Adventure appeared first on Modded.

Adding a portable fire pit to your home can make your patio a destination. It can instantly become your family’s favorite gather-round place — the ultimate venue of fond memories you can cherish forever.

Is it suitable for your house? Get your pressing questions about portable fire pits answered to determine whether buying one is a brilliant idea.

What Is the Difference Between a Fire Pit and a Portable Fire Pit?

The difference between a fire pit and a portable fire pit is that the former is a permanent fixture in the yard, while the latter is mobile.

Permanent fire pits are an option if you have real estate to spare. Building one gives your patio a stunning focal point, extending your outdoor living season. These fire pits are customizable — perfect when you want something unique to your home.

Hiring professionals to design and construct one is wise because they offer sound advice regarding safety and aesthetics. Alternatively, you can buy a DIY block kit to set up your own from the ground up.

On the other hand, a portable fire pit can make your outdoor area more cozy even when you lack space in a budget-friendly way. If you want to update your yard’s look, you can quickly relocate it and create a new center of attention.

Portable fire pits are lightweight and movable, so you can bring them out only when necessary and keep them in storage to protect them from the elements when unused.

They’re off-the-shelf products, but they come in various styles. The design possibilities are endless, so you’ll find a fitting one for your home if you look hard enough.

What Can You Burn in a Portable Fire Pit?

Portable fire pits support firewood, wood pellets, firelogs, propane and gel. Natural gas is synonymous with permanent fire pits since this fuel runs through a buried supply line.

Which heat source is the best for portable fire pits? It depends on what you want to achieve. Each option has pros and cons, so prepare to make compromises whatever you choose.

Wood creates a nostalgic campfire-like vibe. It crackles and pops, makes bright yellow-orange flames, and gives off an unmistakable scent. Emitting smoke is the flip side of using wood. Its particulates can trigger allergic reactions. Pollution can get you on your neighbors’ bad side. Burning wood can also be laborious, produce sparks, and leave a mess.

Wood pellets and firelogs are excellent wood alternatives. Both fuels are more efficient, simplify storage, and emit less smoke. These manufactured products are usually more expensive than traditional firewood.

Propane produces a fire at the push of a button and releases little smoke. It’s super safe and conveniently portable. Its price varies by location and can fluctuate due to domestic and international factors beyond your control.

Gel can burn as long as firewood and produce similar-looking flame colors but has zero smoke and ash. It’s less of a fire risk, but it can get expensive, like propane, because the cost of refills accumulates over time.

How Hot Does a Portable Fire Pit Get?

A portable fire pit can get as hot as more than 100,000 British thermal units (Btus). Woodfire produces the highest heat output, although the exact amount depends on the fuel’s moisture content at the start of combustion.

Oven-dry resinous softwood species have a Btu of 9,050 per pound — greater than oven-dry hardwood, freshly cut Missouri hardwoods and air-dried hardwood firewood.

Other fuels have less heat output, which is more of a feature than a flaw. Not every situation calls for a campfire-level blaze that may unnecessarily increase the risk of sustaining thermal burns and getting blisters. Sometimes, you want your fire pit’s flames to last longer without adding more fuel and to emanate warmth more consistently and evenly.

What Do You Put in the Bottom of a Portable Fire Pit?

Sand, dirt, crushed gravel, lava rocks, paving stones and bricks are what you can put in the bottom of your portable fire pit. A damp base layer can extinguish the fire, so start with dry sand. Then, top it with the other noncombustible materials.

Not all portable fire pit designs can accommodate them all. If you can only fit one into your unit, select dry sand. It helps contain the fire and smother the embers when you’re done. Extinguishing a fire with dry sand creates no hot steam like water does.

Where Do You Put a Portable Fire Pit?

A good rule of thumb is to put your portable fire pit at least 10 feet away from your home, any trees with overhanging branches and the property line.

Local codes spell out the do’s and don’ts in detail, so consult your local building and fire departments to know the rules you should follow to prevent accidents.

Can You Put a Portable Fire Pit on a Deck?

You can put a portable fire pit on a wooden or composite deck with a protective surface underneath it. A stone or metal pad can shield your decking material from heat and sparks. Outfitting your unit with a screen is also good practice to keep embers from becoming airborne and igniting nearby flammable items.

Can You Use a Portable Fire Pit Indoors?

You can use your portable fire pit indoors when its manufacturer designed it for such a purpose.

Having a fire pit inside the house is generally dangerous since its fuel may emit harmful gasses like carbon monoxide, which kills no less than 420 people and sends more than 100,000 to the emergency room every year. Exclusively use one outdoors when your heat source releases air contaminants — odorless or not — to keep your loved ones safe.

Are Portable Fire Pits Safe?

Portable fire pits are safe when used correctly and responsibly. No unit is 100% safe, so mind its location, handle fuel carefully, and prevent the fire from becoming too large. You must also keep extinguishers — such as water and sand — within reach, ensure kids and pets observe a safe distance from flames and embers, and take fire pit maintenance seriously.

How Long Do Portable Fire Pits Last?

Portable fire pits can last a long time with proper care. Durable materials, like stone, stainless steel and aluminum, comprise them. You may not need a replacement for more than a decade if you religiously follow the manufacturer’s maintenance instructions.

Is a Portable Fire Pit for You?

A portable fire pit can be a fantastic addition to your home exterior space. There’s no avoiding its inherent risks, so familiarize yourself with the hazards that come with it to manage them accordingly.

The post Is a Portable Fire Pit Right for Your Home? appeared first on Modded.

Camping is one of the best vacations around. It offers affordable fun — once you have the gear, it’s yours, making a weekend getaway a matter of packing up the family truckster. It’s also healthy, getting you moving in the open air and teaching you new skills, like how to build a fire and fish. The right camping checklist keeps everything you need organized and ready to go at a moment’s notice. 

However, those who are new to the activity face a world of confusing information. What do you need, and what can you upgrade later for convenience as your budget and passion for outdoor adventure grow? Here’s the ultimate camping checklist of what you need and how to acquire the basics. 

Shelter 

The first item on many folks’ camping checklist is a tent. However, you should know a few guidelines first, as investing in the biggest one you can afford isn’t the best choice. Why? Smaller tents conserve your body heat, helping you stay warmer on cold evenings. One of the best parts about camping is that it invites you to snuggle in late against the cold, but you’ll be up with the chickens — and probably heading home early in dismay — if you shiver. 

That’s why a bivy bag is so popular. It folds tiny to fit into a backpack easily but offers superior cold insulation.

However, there’s an exception to every rule. Sometimes, the weather is lovely enough to sleep without a blanket or you have a large family you want to keep under one roof. That’s where larger tents come into play. They give you space to spread out, and you can use collective body heat for warmth when temperatures drop. When you have more cash, investigate rooftop car tents that keep you off the hard ground and away from creepy crawlers. 

The Gear to Get 

Here’s how you can cross your shelter needs off your camping checklist: 

• Go Time Gear Bivy Bag: $19.99 from Amazon
• Clostnature 1-Person Tent for Backpacking: $69.99 from Amazon
• Core Tents for Family: $129 from Amazon
• Upland Rooftop Tent Hard Shell: $1,199 from Amazon

Heat 

Even on warm days, primitive humans used fire to keep flying insect pests and animal predators at bay. Knowing how to start a fire is a crucial survival skill, and you can’t always count on modern matches and lighters working. Fortunately, it isn’t too tough to master flint and steel, and teaching your kids can fill several fun afternoons. As you grow your collection, portable heaters offer superior warmth, although you must remain mindful of carbon monoxide. 

The Gear to Get 

Add these three items to your camping checklist for fire and warmth wherever you go. 

• Bayite 4-inch Drilled Fling Firestarter Ferro Rod Kit: $13.95 from Amazon
• Survive Permanent Match: $19.95 from Amazon
• Mr. Heater F232000 Indoor-Safe Propane Buddy Heater: $89.99 from Amazon

Water 

Water is essential to life. Although you can live for several weeks without food, two or three days without water can end you. 

However, the tricky part about the wet stuff is that it’s heavy — roughly eight pounds per gallon, and you need one gallon per person per day. This reality creates a problem when primitive camping far from the nearest source. For that, you need a purifier. You can use straws, tablets or a larger device when camping with the gang. 

The Gear to Get 

Here’s what to add to your camping checklist to stay hydrated: 

• Yeti Rambler 36-ounce bottle: $50 from Amazon
• Lifestraw Personal Water Filter: $17.49 from Amazon
• P&G Purifier Tablets: $24.99 from Amazon
• Travel Berkey Gravity-Fed Water Filter: $344 from Amazon

Food 

Unless you’re extremely good at foraging in your local area and get lucky with the fishing rod, you could go mighty hungry on a weekend camping trip. Most people prefer to bring foods they love with them, which requires a way to cook them and utensils for dining. While few things beat the smoky flavor of foods cooked over an open flame, you might prefer the convenience of a grill for rustling up burgers for the gang. 

The Gear to Get 

Here’s how to cook your grub in the wild: 

• Stansport Heavy Duty Steel Camp Grill: $21.99 from Amazon
• Coleman Roadtrip Propane Grill: $235.49 from Amazon
• Outdoor Camping Mess Kit: $15.99 from Amazon

Safety 

First of all, you’re often far safer in the wilderness than you are in the city. Humans have evolved to the point where our biggest enemy is our fellow humans, and the fewer you encounter, the fewer chances you will meet someone determined to bring you harm. However, going into the wild does present the risk of dangerous animal encounters, however slim, and help could be miles away, even out of cellular reach. 

The Gear to Get

Here’s what to get to stay safer during your outdoor adventures: 

• UDAP Pepper Power Bear Spray: $59.99 from Amazon
• Solar Portable Alarm and Trip Wire: $22.99 from Amazon
• Garmin inReach Mini Satellite Communicator: $409.99 from Amazon

Fun 

Campfires are the place for games like charades that require no equipment. You don’t want to carry an entertainment center on your backframe. However, a few lightweight card games can make sitting around in the evening more enjoyable and even bring you closer to your loved ones. 

The Gear to Get 

Here are playing card essentials to accompany your camping adventures: 

• Hoyle Waterproof Playing Cards: $6.95 from Amazon
• Basecamp Cards: Kids Conversation Starters: $18.95 from Amazon
• Conversation Starters Fireside Chat Playing Cards: $15.00 from Amazon

Mark These Items Off Your Camping Checklist 

Camping gear seems a lot less expensive when you compare it to a traditional vacation, where plane tickets, hotel rooms and dining out add up quickly. Once you own the gear, it’s yours to use for a weekend getaway whenever you like. 

Cross the following items off your camping checklist. You and your loved ones will have everything you need for a safe, enjoyable outdoor adventure, ready to go whenever you are. 

The post Camping Checklist: What You Need and Where to Find It  appeared first on Modded.

Are you excited to try car camping? Here’s everything you need to know to start your front-country adventure. This guide will cover the fundamentals, gear essentials and car camping tips to make your first outing in your car a breeze.

What is Car Camping?

Car or front-country camping is an outdoor activity where you bring all your gear using your car instead of a backpack. Car camping lets you carry your supplies and equipment for your outdoor adventure without worrying about weight and storage space.

It’s a convenient way to experience the outdoors since you can park next to your campgrounds or public land designated for dispersed camping. All you have to do is unload your gear and set it up. Car camping is an excellent way to connect with nature while maintaining comfort and convenience.

Why Go Car Camping?

There are many reasons to try car camping. Here are some of the best things about it:

• Comfort: Have you ever gone backpacking and wished you could have brought a full-size pillow or more comfortable bedding? Car camping is more comfortable since you can get all the creature comforts you want or need. Want to catch up on your favorite show over the weekend? Bring your tablet or laptop and binge-watch under the stars.
• Convenience: Car camping lets you park your vehicle close to or inside campgrounds, depending on your chosen location. Also, many dedicated campsites have electricity and water connections to hook up your devices and quickly access water for washing.
• Safety: Car camping allows you to sleep inside your car if you prefer to leave the tent at home. Sleeping inside your vehicle is safer than pitching a tent on unfamiliar grounds. Just make sure you turn your engine off to ensure you avoid carbon monoxide poisoning.
• Fun: One of the top advantages of car camping is all the fun you can experience outdoors. You can drive up to campsites with amazing views, set up chairs and tables and enjoy an entire weekend of glamping. You’ll feel recharged after soaking up all nature has to offer. You can even enjoy a quick start to your hikes if you park next to hiking trailheads.

How to Pick a Car for Camping

You can use just about any 4-wheel vehicle for car camping. Although some cars with 4×4 or all-wheel drive capabilities — like pickup trucks and SUVs — are the weapon of choice of many car campers, you can use a sedan or crossover to enjoy the great outdoors. Some seasoned campers can go on long trips using a small hatchback with the proper setup.

No matter the type of car you plan on using, remember to make sure it’s road-worthy and reliable on different kinds of roads to ensure your safety and others while driving.

Car Camping Essentials

Have you decided to go on your first camping trip? Ensure your bases are covered to guarantee a smooth and relaxing outdoor experience. Here are some car camping essentials you should bring.

Clothing

Camping outdoors is an excellent way to break away from the stress of daily life. Reinvigorate yourself by going on quick adventures in the outdoors. Always pack climate-appropriate clothing and footwear to ensure you’re comfortable during your trip. Depending on the weather, keeping cool or warm will let you enjoy the experience to the fullest.

Cooler

One of the best things about going on a camping trip is eating delicious food at the campsite. Food almost always tastes better when enjoyed in the outdoors. Bring a reliable cooler to keep your supplies fresh and in ideal conditions. It should have a tight seal to keep the cold in and must be durable enough to handle the rigors of outdoor activities.

Tip: Pre-cool your cooler by placing ice blocks or packs before you store your perishables. This step will help keep your supplies fresh longer for your trip.

Stove

Fulfill your dream of cooking in the outdoors by packing a dependable stove. There are different types, like single and dual burner stoves running on butane or other fuels. Some stoves are best suited for cooking on wider surfaces, while others are designed to be as minimalist as possible. Explore your options and shop for the best one that fits your needs.

Tip: Bring extra fuel whenever you plan to cook outdoors. Some campgrounds can be far from visitor centers or stores. Bringing spare butane cans is always a good idea while camping.

Cookware and Other Kitchen Gear

If you’re a fan of cooking, then setting up a camp kitchen will be one of your favorite things to do before going on a trip. Start small and adjust your gear as you go on more trips. Some of the items we recommend bringing include the following:

• Pot with a lid
• Small pan
• Kitchen utensils like a spatula, spoon and cutting board
• Kitchen knife
• Lightweight plates
• Bowls
• Camping spoons and forks
• Cups
• Condiments and seasonings
• Wash bins and sponges for washing dishes
• Kitchen lighter

Tip: Store your kitchen gear in one bin to make setup and packing a breeze. Keeping your kitchen gear organized prevents items from rattling around while in transit.

Folding Table and Chairs

While some coolers are designed to double as a table, you sacrifice surface space and utility. Bringing a foldable table for prepping meals and other uses is still better. Pair that with a couple of camping chairs and you’re set up for a fine night of dining under the skies. Some camping chairs are collapsible to save precious storage space and weight.

Lighting

Bring a flashlight or headlamp on camping trips to make navigating in the dark easier. Modern flashlights are brighter, more compact and last longer than the big and bulky ones your dad or granddad used to bring. You can also get a lamp with a warmer tint to make your nights cozier.

Power Source

Get a power source with high-capacity batteries to keep your devices topped up. Power banks are great for daily use at the office or during your commute. In the outdoors, you need a portable power source with enough juice to last the entire trip. Some power sources have a socket for charging portable electric fans and refrigerators.  

Sleep Pads and Beddings

You need to prepare if you want to sleep well outdoors. Bring a good sleep pad to get a good night’s rest so you’ll have more energy the next day for activities. Other options include inflatable mattresses, mattress toppers and padded sleeping bags. Sleep is essential if you want to maximize your camping experience. Invest in your sleeping gear if you have the budget.

Water Containers

Spending a few days in the wilderness can be an excellent way to decompress after weeks of hard work. Reward yourself by bringing simple but vital comforts like water containers for washing, drinking and other uses. Top up your water bottles, containers and reservoirs in gas stations, visitor centers and other locations you’ll pass on your trips. Bringing a water filtration system to get clean drinking water is a good idea if you’re camping near a water source.

Car Camping Tips

The more you spend time outdoors, the better you understand your needs and preferences. Here are some car camping tips to help you get the most out of your outdoor adventures.

• Plan your trips and check camping rules on public land if you want to do dispersed camping. Always secure permits and display passes before pitching tents at different campgrounds to avoid fines and hassle.
• Open your car windows if you plan to sleep in your car. Cracking opposite windows will let fresh air in while you sleep and keep moisture away. Remember to keep windows open just enough to prevent wild animals and other people from entering.
• Park your vehicles away from roads if you plan on staying near popular campgrounds. Blocking the road is a big no-no in car camping.
• Keep food items in designated containers and dispose of food scraps properly if you’re camping in bear country. The smell of food can attract wild animals from miles away. Err on the side of caution and secure your food correctly.
• Let your loved ones know your itinerary before every trip. Give them the location and list some emergency numbers of nearby park services and ranger stations if you get lost or stranded.
• Go to local nature parks and campsites if you’re new to car camping. Doing this will let you fine-tune your setup and let you explore and scout locations nearby.
• Bring cash whenever you go camping. Many stores — especially in remote areas — only accept cash.
• Always ask for help if you’re unsure where to park or pitch camp. Consult the local ranger station or visitor center. The locals are your best bet for finding your bearings or discovering campsites with fantastic views.
• Always practice the Leave No Trace (LNT) principle. Clean up and make it a habit to leave your camp better than you found it.
• Make it a habit to plan your camping trip before heading out. Use apps and websites with camper-friendly guides to local destinations.

Seek Outdoor Adventures on Your Car

Have fun outdoors and make memories with your friends or loved ones on car camping trips. Your life in the city will be there when you return. Sit around the campfire, share stories and pop open a cold one. You deserve it.

The post The Beginner’s Guide to Car Camping: Get Started Today appeared first on Modded.

The holidays are almost here, and that means the best comes immediately afterward — when you hit the sales to shop for yourself. What camping gadgets are on your wishlist that didn’t show up under the tree? Now’s your chance to stock up. 

Of course, some of the other adventurers on your list might also like these camping gadgets. There’s something for everyone — add these items to your post (or pre) holiday shopping list. 

1. HANERDUN Cooler Backpack

Carrying a backpack and a cooler can get cumbersome. This model lets you combine the two in one device, making less to move. You can cart this model on your back like a pack or in your hand, suitcase-style, whatever fits your needs the best. 

You’ll also ensure you have plenty of hydration and snacks when you reach your campsite and a place to rest your laurels while you enjoy them. The chair feature supports up to 330 pounds, making this model sturdy enough to support husky outdoor adventurers. 

2. Wise Owl Camping Hammock

Even when you have a tent, sleeping close to the cold ground can leave you shivering by morning. Instead, why not skip the poles and hammock camp in this extra-large model that cradles your body like a sleeping bag while suspending you far above slithery snakes and creepy crawly insects? 

Go for the double version to pair up with your sweetie. Two is always better than one for sasquatch-viewing. 

3. Pankay Camping Toilet With Privacy Tent

Learning how to dig a cat hole is a must for any camper. However, squatting on the bare ground leaves you open and vulnerable, where any passing hiker or hunter can see you and your bare cheeks. 

Instead, opt for this model, complete with a privacy tent. You can pack your poop out with you, using enzymes to destroy odor or simply use the enclosure to keep out prying eyes while you go. 

4. Takki Portable Generator Power Bank With Lantern

You need a tent light. That takes power, which means you also need a portable source. An all-in-one device gives you both with less to carry. 

This power station fuels up to seven devices at once, including laptops, phones, tablets, cameras and fans. The lamp has multiple light settings and lasts up to 120 hours while in power-saving mode. 

5. Unniweei Solar Portable Camp Shower

Maybe your motto is “camp hair, don’t care.” That’s cool, but what if you want to stop for refreshments on your way home from the campsite? You don’t want the other diners in whatever restaurant you choose to lose their appetites from the B.O. 

Instead, rinse off before you ride home with this solar portable camp shower. Let it heat up while you get dirty on the trail, then wash your important parts with castile soap before returning to civilization. It’s hardly a spa bath experience, but it will refresh you. 

6. Odoland Rechargeable Camp Fans

Tents might allow more airflow than your average home, but they can still get mighty stuffy. Plus, you might be a member of the “I can’t sleep without a fan” club. 

Maintain solid airflow with this 2-pack of rechargeable fans. You can even use them to create a breeze in your camper. 

7. Coleman Portable Propane Camp Stove

Cooking over an open fire takes finesse — and there’s a good chance you’ll end up with burnt fingers and hotdogs in the pit. Instead, keep it tidy with this 2-burner propane camp stove. 

This little device is light and straps to the outside of your pack. It might even lighten the load inside it, as you can pack lightweight dehydrated meals to reheat. 

8. Gukkicco Camp Sleep Pad

The soil of most campsites is stony, and sleeping the wrong way can result in considerable pain. This ultralight sleeping pad puts a protective layer between you and the cold ground, helping you avoid sharp rocks. 

Although inflatable, it won’t go flat like your typical air mattress. The egg-shaped pockets hold air in one place even if a small hole arises elsewhere, and the included repair kit gets you patched in no time. 

9. Lorbro Grill Caddy

You’re a serious camper. You and the crew create wagon circles around rows of campfires nearly every weekend when the weather permits and you need a way to keep everyone fed and happy. 

Enter the Lorbro grill caddy. This clever device has everything you need for a gourmet barbecue in the wild, including room for multiple condiments and an attached paper towel holder. You also get spaces for all the tools you need to master the barbecue, like tongs and handy side pockets for spice bottles. 

10. HUZSV Shovel and Ax Survival Set

Your number one duty as a responsible camper is to put out your fire. This camping gadget lets you do so in style, with a shovel and ax to douse the blaze and bury any remaining embers safely beneath the earth. 

What sets this kit apart is the extra tools you get. There’s also a multitool, knife, various screw tips and a compass with multiple handles to give you the perfect grip. It all comes wrapped in a convenient box for easy transport. 

11. WELL-STRONG Waterproof First Aid Kit

Every camper needs a first aid kit. More than a camping gadget, the right equipment can make a considerable difference when waiting for professional rescuers to arrive. 

This 234-piece waterproof kit has ample bandages to handle any cuts and scrapes acquired in the wild. At only four inches by three inches, this pack straps to your back frame while adding only negligible weight. 

12. Mardingtop 75L Molle Internal Frame Hiking Pack

If you’re a serious hiker, you need a back frame to match. This 75-liter Molle-style internal frame fits the bill. The spacious design lets you include plenty of cold-weather gear in your bag — or extra cooking necessities for warm-weather hikes. 

Molle design lets you add storage to the outside with ease. Opt for the included bladder to stay hydrated without carrying a thermos. 

13. Magical Flames Cosmic Flames Color Packets

There’s campfire – and then there’s cosmic fire. These color packs transform your flames into a party. Red and gold interlace with blues, teals, purples and pinks to delight the kids and the young at heart in your party. 

14. ETSG XL Camping Cot

Some people consider cots camping gadgets, while others classify them as necessities. Either way, this extra-large camping cot makes catching your Zzz’s much more pleasant by getting you off the ground and out of the damp. 

Plus, this model adjusts like a chaise lounge. Want to catch a tan or read a book while the rest of the family goes fishing? You have the perfect place. 

15. Garmin Montana 700i Handheld GPS

This ultimate camping gadget keeps you safe in the wild. Yes, there are places where cell phone reception doesn’t yet reach, often in the western states but along parts of the Appalachian trail as well. 

Spraining an ankle in such situations can spell disaster if you can’t reach rescuers. This device creates the perfect map while letting you communicate with rescuers via 2-way satellite messaging, so you can guide them to you and advise them of your condition. 

Cool Camping Gadgets 

Post-holiday sales are the perfect time for stocking up on your favorite camping gadgets. These fun tools will enhance your love of the outdoors while keeping you safer and more comfortable in the wild. 

Consider these cool camping gadgets to delight yourself or someone you love. You deserve a little treat to look forward to for breaking your cabin fever in style once spring arrives. 

The post 15 Camping Gadgets to Add to Your Post-Holiday Shopping List  appeared first on Modded.

Although bear attacks are rare, you must be familiar with their behaviors and signs of aggression. A bear encounter can either go well or turn sour, depending on the bear’s mood and situation. The number one rule is to always observe and admire from a distance. And if the bear comes to you you? You will be glad you know exactly what to do if a black bear approaches you.

Here is a step-by-step guide on safe bear encounters: 

Step 1: Identify the bear 

Before the bear gets too close, you must do a quick ID. This determines your next actions if it moves closer or feels threatened and attacks – a rare occurrence but one you should be prepared for. 

Considering grizzly bears are known to be 20 times more dangerous than black bears, you need to know the right thing to do. The general rule for bear encounters is, “If it’s black fight back, if it’s brown (grizzly) lay down”. A black bear will leave you alone if it feels threatened, while a grizzly bear will leave if there’s no threat. 

Although they are called black bears, you have to look for other signs besides the color of the fur. Black bears can be brown, blond, cinnamon, blue-gray and even white. 

The main difference between a black bear and a grizzly is the shoulders. Grizzlies have a hump and black bears don’t, they’re more round and curvy.  

A grizzly bear looks slightly more predatory* than a black bear. They have a dished, distinct shape with a longer-looking nose compared to black bears with a round cuddly face and a straight nose. 

Step 2: Assess the situation 

So it’s a black bear. What now?  First, you should know that black bears are naturally timid and would rather flee before attacking. Rather than looking to attack, their concern is being attacked. 

Your reaction to the situation depends on the bear’s behavior. Here are a few scenarios and behaviors to help you determine which bear is approaching. 

Scenario #1: Curious bear  

A curious bear may approach, sniff the air and stand on its hindlegs to explore what it sees or smells. 

Scenario #2: Hungry bear

This bear found food near you or can smell food and wants a bite. When bears are in hyperphagia, the phase before hibernation, they will eat almost anything. 

Sometimes, in fear, people throw food or items at bears to scare them off. This can get bears thinking that if you follow a human, they will give you food. 

Scenario #3: Stalking Bear 

When you try to move away, this bear will follow. She may attempt to hide from you but continue staring at and following you. You may hear small noises from the bear as she stalks you. 

Scenario #4: Scared Bear 

While a threatened bear may seem aggressive, they are only trying to communicate that they need space. 

A scared bear may bluster or attempt a fake charge by running towards you then swerving away. This is common with mama bears.  A bluster can look like jaw popping, teeth clacking, a pounce with a huff/exhale or slapping the ground. A hungry bear might also bluster in attempts to make you drop your bag or some food. 

Scenario #5: Attacking bear 

This bear may have been stalking you for a while. An aggressive bear will not make a sound. If he stares at you, flattens his ears and protrudes his lower lip,  he is about to charge and attack.

Step 3: Act quickly 

In all situations, give the bear some space. If you approach, you don’t know what the bear could do and it’s far better to assume the bear is dangerous. You should aim to get at least 90 feet between you and the bear. 

Make slow movements. If you run, the bear might chase, and with a speed of 35mph, even Usain Bolt would struggle to outrun a black bear. 

If your approaching bear is curious or scared, do the following: 

• Speak calmly. Repeat ‘hey bear’.
• Back away slowly
• Leave the area

If your approaching bear is hungry, stalking or aggressive, you must make yourself look bigger. Your escape plan will look something like this: 

• Say ‘Hey bear’ in a calm voice and back away. 
• If the bear continues to follow you, stand your ground. Lift your arms and make yourself look big. Stand next to each other and raise your arms together if you are with one or two other people. 
• Avert your eyes from making eye contact and move away sideways if possible. 
• Make noise. Yell ‘hey bear’ and make it known that you are human. Yelling scares black bears away. You can also clap your hands or stick to make noise on the ground. 
• If the bear continues to follow you and attempts to charge, stand your ground. 
• You may need to defend yourself if the bear makes contact. Always fight back. Aim for the head with a stick, swing your backpack, or kick. Use bear spray if you have it. 

Step 4: Prevent Future Encounters 

There’s only so much you can do if the bear approaches in the woods or on a hike. Stay alert and watch for more bears. 

If the bear came to your backyard or approached you at a campsite, the best you can do is to hide all the food. Black bears are usually just looking for food, especially in the fall before they hibernate. Keep your bear spray with your camping essentials, especially on a solo camping trip. Seal any food items and put them in your car or tight containers. 

At home, remove attractants like trash, bird feeders or pet food from your backyard. You will also want to protect pets and animals by bringing them into the house or installing an electric fence. 

Follow the Rules of Bear Fight Club

You will rarely need to fight a black bear. They are usually tolerant of people and less aggressive than other bears. Still, you should keep your distance. If the bear approaches you, back away slowly.  And if it ever gets to a fight, remember: If it’s brown, lie down. If it’s black, fight back. 

The post What To Do if a Black Bear Approaches You  appeared first on Modded.

Have you ever wondered how humans lived before cars, electricity and the internet? You can get a reasonable facsimile by heading out primitive camping. This style of recreation might not be the most glamorous, but it’s the perfect way to test your survival skills while acquiring new ones. 

Few things beat knowing that you have what it takes to make it in the wilderness. However, it’s nice to know that safety and home are a short drive away, and learning how to prepare for your excursion can keep you safe in the wild. What is primitive camping? Here’s your ultimate guide to this activity, the gear you’ll need, where to find locations and making the most of your trek. 

Just How Wild Is Primitive Camping? 

The definition of primitive camping varies, depending on who you ask. In general, it refers to sleeping overnight at sites with few to no amenities, meaning no running water, toilet facilities or electrical hookups. It can be as rough as it gets, or you can ease your entry with the right gear and a few outings with an experienced guide to get your bearings. 

Many people think of primitive camping as off-grid, and folks venture into the wilds daily to get as far from civilization as possible. However, some established campsites at national parks also offer sites away from the ceaseless hum of RV generators where you can pitch a simple tent. These sites aren’t like a KOA — the only help could be a ranger station miles away. You’ll rarely find more than cleared ground to pitch your tent, occasionally with trash and bear containers.  

This activity can reduce you to the primal: what are the basics you need to survive? For example, even the most rugged and minimalist survivalists carry: 

• Materials for shelter
• Materials for building fire 
• Water and tools for purifying it 

The right clothing also protects you, and primitive backpackers can easily carry all the necessities on their backs. It’s a trick worth learning if headed to a national park, as most require permits and restrict you to tents or hammocks — no campers. 

The Minimalist Primitive Camping Gear Guide 

The number one rule of primitive camping is to pack out what you pack in. What equipment will you need? Here’s a list of things you must have and some that can make your trip more pleasant. 

1. A Backpack or Backframe

First, the obvious: you need a way to carry your gear. You might be walking marathons with this puppy on your back, so make sure it’s comfortable. You’ll need a buddy to measure your torso and hips to determine size. From there, adjust the hip belt and straps to fit your body. Here’s where it pays to visit a retail location over shopping online so that you can test how the device feels, especially if you have back, hip or knee issues.

2. Layered Clothing

Layering clothing means less weight in your backpack. You should arrange yours thus: 

• Inner layer: Wicking material like synthetic, wool, silk or bamboo fibers. 
• Middle layer: Insulating materials like synthetic fill and fleece. 
• Top layer: Your weather break, consisting of water and windproof materials. 

3. Shelter 

At the bare minimum, you’ll need a bivvy bag to sleep under the stars. Most primitive campers carry tents. The smaller, the better for reducing weight and conserving body heat. Today’s models are easier to erect than ever — many snap into place with no need to wrangle poles. Others use your trekking poles for support, reducing the load you carry. 

4. Fire-Making Materials

Waterproof matchbook cases and lighters are great, but they don’t always work as intended. Learn how to use a flint and steel and carry one with you. You can often find them at tool and hardware stores for under $5, and they clip to your keychain. 

5. Water

Water is a must, and the bare minimum is one gallon per person per day. You might need more if hiking in hot desert climates. 

However, water is also heavy. Ensure your backpack allows you to insert a bladder. You should also carry water purification tablets and straws, as they’re much lighter than lugging the liquid stuff. 

6. Basic Hygiene and First Aid 

You’ll need a way to keep clean — hand sanitizer works if you conserve water in arid climates. Otherwise, use biodegradable soap like castile, keeping it 200 feet away from natural water sources. A first aid kit is a must. Please inspect the contents and ensure you know how to use them before you depart. Both the American Red Cross and the American Heart Association offer first aid courses and getting certified is wise. 

7. Food

You shouldn’t fast while engaged in physical activity, so bring along plenty of healthy, nonperishable foods. Many people get by fine for a day or two on trail mix, although a primitive camp stove takes up little room in your pack, and a hot pot of soup tastes divine on chilly days. Keep your food far from your shelter in a bear-safe container when camping in such country. 

Where and How to Find Primitive Camping Locations 

You can find primitive campsites at national parks, although you’ll often have to make reservations to ensure a spot during the hot summer months. For example, Yosemite and Yellowstone see a lot of traffic. Some locations in the Grand Canyon, like Havasu Falls, aren’t always open and may require reservations more than a year in advance. 

You can also enjoy primitive camping on BLM land. You’ll find most of this in the western half of the United States. Amenities here may be even more scarce — there’s often not even a bear box, let alone trash or recycling bins. Please remember the cardinal rule and pack out everything you pack in, including wrappers. 

What Are the Benefits of Primitive Camping? 

The benefits of primitive camping are many. Look at all you can hope to gain by testing your skills in the wild: 

• Exercise: Hiking is one of the best forms of cardiovascular training anywhere and setting up camp also burns calories. However, it doesn’t feel like a workout. 
• Immunity boosting: Studies on forest bathers show a higher level of specialized cells your body uses to fight germs. 
• Gain skills: Can you start a fire with wet wood? In the rain? Once upon a time, human life depended on it — make your ancestors proud. 
• Develop agency: Agency is your sense that your actions make a difference, and it’s crucial to good mental health. Testing your skills in the wild is a great way to prove to yourself that you can handle anything. 
• Ease depression and anxiety: Simply going outside is a mood-booster. Immersing yourself in nature and relying solely on yourself to survive doesn’t leave much time for ruminating on how bad your life is. 

Safety and Primitive Camping

Primitive camping calls your primal soul. However, you have valid concerns about the odds of your 115-pound frame against a bear or a 2-legged menace. Plus, what happens if you fall down a cliff or twist your ankle and can’t walk your way home? 

First of all, your biggest safety concern is your health and getting help. You’re more likely to get hurt than run into trouble with critters or humans. Please ensure you leave a flight plan with someone in civilization, including details of where you’re going and when you plan to return. The more quickly they notify authorities, the likelier you are to see rescuers arrive. 

You can’t count on phone reception. Your best bet is a satellite communicator. Garmin is widely recognized as reliable, and while even their lowest-priced model will set you back a few hundred dollars, it’s worth it for peace of mind. More advanced models allow two-way messaging with rescuers, alerting them to your location and condition. 

Should you carry a firearm? Only if you have trained with it and feel comfortable using it. Otherwise, bear spray is a smart alternative, useful against bruins and delivering a much mightier wallop than your average pepper spray if you encounter other predator types. A knife is smart — not so much for defense as for survival needs, like cutting branches for shelter and creating a basic camp stove out of tin cans. 

Your Ultimate Guide to Primitive Camping

Primitive camping gets you into the wild, letting you experience life as your ancestors once did. It’s fantastic for testing your mettle, getting out of toxic headspaces and engaging in healthy recreation that hones your skills. Follow this ultimate guide to get started with this primal sport and embrace your inner Bear Grylls. 

The post What Is Primitive Camping? The Ultimate Guide appeared first on Modded.