Are gorillas endangered? Unfortunately, the future of these majestic primates is clouded by the possibility of extinction. Habitat loss, climate change, and disease have dramatically impacted their population, raising concerns about their well-being and sustainability. The survival of gorillas hangs in the balance. Let’s look at why this is the case and what we can do to help.

How Closely Are Gorillas Related to Us?

Gorillas share around 98% of their DNA with humans, alongside chimpanzees and bonobos. Imagine that! Just a tiny fraction of genetic difference separates people from these incredible beings. This close genetic connection is evident in their physical characteristics — opposable thumbs, analogous outer ear structures and even similar gestation periods. 

Gorillas also share behavioral traits with humans. They live in tight-knit family groups, communicate with various sounds and gestures and even display emotions similar to ours. When you observe a gorilla mother tenderly cradling her baby, it’s hard not to draw parallels to human parents. 

Gorillas have complex social structures, with clear hierarchies and deep bonds formed over years. They also exhibit behaviors that suggest a sense of humor, empathy and mourning for lost ones. These distinct similarities make their plight all the more poignant. 

Why Are Gorillas Endangered?

The International Union for Conservation of Nature’s (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species has assigned the “Critically Endangered” tag to the world’s gorillas — two steps away from complete extinction. Only around 2,600 mature Eastern gorilla species remain. 

The biggest threats to their survival include: 

Habitat Destruction

One of the primary threats to gorillas is habitat loss. Imagine waking up one day to find your home being torn down. 

This is a daily reality for gorillas as forests are cleared for agriculture, mining and infrastructure development. For example, recent oil exploration in the Democratic Republic of the Congo’s Virunga National Park exposed nearly one-third of the world’s mountain gorilla population to environmental hazards. 

Deforestation also reduces the living space available for these creatures and fragments their habitat, making it difficult for different groups to interact and breed.

Climate Change

The temperature in their natural environment highly restricts gorillas. As mountainous animals, climate change is a huge problem, as they have nowhere colder and higher to escape from the increasingly warmer conditions lower down. 

Extreme changes in rainfall patterns can affect the availability of food and water, forcing gorillas to venture into human-inhabited areas in search of resources. This increases the likelihood of conflict, which further threatens their existence. 

Diseases 

It turns out gorillas sharing a huge chunk of human DNA means they’re exposed to diseases that affect people. For example, a simple cold can spread quickly and devastate the gorilla population. 

Ebola virus outbreaks have wiped out a great number of primates in past decades owing to the lack of vaccinations and prompt treatment responses. Additionally, tracking gorillas in the wild can be difficult, by which time infections may have spread even more. 

Civil Wars and Regional Instabilities

Rwanda, Uganda and the DRC are home to the world’s largest endangered gorilla populations. Civil unrest in these countries and neighboring regions affects these animals’ living environments and can even put them in the direct line of conflict.

Displaced communities have to move into forests to seek refuge, causing wildlife to retreat deeper into the woods to avoid human contact. In some instances, these animals may be hunted for bushmeat consumption, which can push species to the brink of extinction. The loss of even a few individuals can have disastrous effects on their populations, given their slow reproductive rates.

Gorillas Are Vital to Ecological Sustainability 

Gorillas live in tropical rainforests and mountainous regions, playing a crucial role in maintaining ecological balance. As the animals at the top of the food chain in these environments, a decline in their population affects the ecosystem and could negatively impact other wildlife in the area. Without these massive herbivores chowing down lots of vegetation, the natural biodiversity order would be disrupted. 

Protecting gorilla populations is also vital to natural reforestation. As they forage, these creatures create small clearings in the foliage, dispersing seeds and allowing a wider array of plant species to find sunlight.

Conservation Efforts and Success Stories

Despite the dire situation, there is hope. Dedicated conservation efforts have made significant strides in recent years.

Protected Areas and National Parks

Establishing protected areas and national parks has been crucial. Tireless efforts by environmentalists and international partners have led to several areas being carved out and designated for wildlife conservation. 

In May 2024, the African Wildlife Foundation officially handed over 27 hectares of reclaimed land to expand the habitats and increase food availability for gorillas in Rwanda’s Volcanoes National Park. The implementation of stringent anti-poaching measures has also helped stabilize gorilla populations. 

Research and Monitoring

Continuous research and monitoring are vital for effective conservation. By tracking gorilla populations, studying their behavior, and understanding their needs, experts can develop targeted protection strategies. For example, extreme measures by Virunga Park rangers, including over 2,200 annual patrols, have led to a 4.7% species growth rate per year.  

These monitoring efforts, alongside other conservation programs, have also been vital in preserving ecosystems and biodiversity in the face of cross-border conflict and instability. 

Ecotourism 

Ecotourism has emerged as a powerful tool for wildlife conservation. Tourists worldwide pay substantial fees to see gorillas in their natural habitat. This revenue funds conservation programs and provides economic incentives for local communities to protect gorillas instead of hunting them. Countries like Rwanda and Uganda have seen positive results from well-managed ecotourism programs.

What Can You Do?

You can contribute to the protection and sustainability of gorilla populations in several ways. 

• Support conservation organizations: Numerous institutions are dedicated to saving gorillas. Your support can fund anti-poaching patrols, habitat restoration and community education programs.
• Promote sustainable practices: Reduce your consumption of products linked to deforestation, such as palm oil, minerals and other natural resources. 
• Raise awareness: The more people know about gorillas’ challenges, the greater the collective effort to protect them. Share information on social media, organize awareness events or give talks at community centers. For instance, did you know that September 24 is World Gorilla Day? 
• Practice and promote responsible tourism: If you’re planning a safari to see gorillas, choose responsible tour operators who follow strict guidelines to minimize impact on the animals and their habitats. Your visit can contribute to conservation efforts and local economies when done ethically.

Protect Endangered Gorillas 

Gorillas are our closest living relatives and are crucial in maintaining the world’s biodiversity. Their endangered status is a sobering reminder of humans’ impact on the planet. However, our concerted efforts can turn the tide and not a moment too soon. After all, saving gorillas is not just about preserving a species — it’s about safeguarding our shared heritage and the intricate web of life on Earth.

The post Are Gorillas Endangered? A Case For Humans’ Closest Relatives appeared first on Modded.

At 20,310 feet above sea level, Mount Denali in Alaska has the distinct honor of being the highest mountain in North America. Set against a backdrop of brilliant blue sky and towering glaciers, its imposing stature makes even the most experienced climbers skittish. For many, the toughness of the challenge makes the victory more satisfying. Having this mindset is key if you’re going to take on the snow-covered peaks of Denali.

The mountain has everything — treacherous terrain, extreme weather, fixed lines, steep altitudes — the whole roster. You want to make sure you’re well-prepared for your expedition. So here are the eight most essential prep tips to help you train adequately for your journey. 

1. Get Your Experience Up 

Hiking up the highest mountain in North America requires a ton of practical mountaineering experience. Thousands of people sign up yearly, with only a 53% success rate for the average individual. Glacier travel is no joke and you’ll need to acquire ample experience with ascending and descending glaciated peaks to prepare for this climb better. 

Improving your technical climbing skills is also imperative, especially regarding route finding and crevasse rescue procedures. You’ll find many professional courses covering essentials like fixed-line climbing and self-arrest techniques to work your way up Denali’s challenging topography. 

2. Pre-Acclimatize Before Your Trip

Denali is a super cold place. The mountain is located in the Denali National Park and Preserve, a massive expanse spanning 6.1 million acres with arctic-type conditions almost year round. This expedition environment can be unforgiving, especially to the uninitiated. You must build up your adaptability to winter camping and traversing at high altitudes. 

Professional guide services require climbers to have good acclimatization before they can embark on the expedition. While many online resources and prep programs exist, practical experience remains the best teacher. Go on numerous training climbs on more accessible snowy peaks, gradually building up to longer exposures at increasing altitudes. Generally, it takes 1-3 days for the body to acclimatize at a particular altitude. Your body has to re-acclimatize as you ascend. 

3. Get in Prime Mountaineering Shape 

Hamstrings, muscle cramps and altitude sickness will dampen your climb. You must be in peak physical and mental condition to America’s highest mountain. If you haven’t hiked in a while, you might want to start doing strength training, increasing the tempo as you progress. 

Even if you travel frequently, engage in physical activities to prepare your body for the trek. The National Park Service recommends training with a 40-70 lb backpack, which you’ll carry across uneven terrain for 6-8 hours. There’s also work to be done setting up camp and implementing safety measures, so improving your endurance is crucial. 

4. Learn How to Ride on Sleds 

Don’t just come to Denali for the climb. Familiarize yourself with the terrain and take some time to enjoy the breathtaking scenery all around you. Dog mushing is Alaska’s state sport and offers one of the best ways to explore the park. Authorized guide services may provide sledding services and safety lessons. There’s also an on-site kennel where you can meet the dogs and cuddle the puppies — another highlight to your unforgettable trip. 

You’ll use sleds to haul your gear up the mountain when the proper climb begins. However, these will be attached to your waist. Hiking up snowy trails while dragging a heavy pack is physically demanding and risky. You must know the basics of distributing weight evenly from front to back and having redundant attachments to provide immediate backup if one attachment point fails. 

5. Invest in High-Quality Gear 

Minor details such as your jacket zipper and equipment buckles can greatly impact your mountain climbing experience. High-quality gear is more durable under extreme conditions and can often be a lifesaver during your hike. 

Pack lots of layered clothing and double-insulated boots to keep warm at all times — the risks of hypothermia and frostbite increase the higher you climb. Remember to personally test every piece of equipment and redundancies before embarking on the climb. 

6. Take the Well-Beaten Path 

Denali’s least technical ascent route is fraught with complexity enough, so there’s hardly any need to overcomplicate things by selecting a more challenging path. Plus, more people sign up for the route with the most minor climbing difficulties, so reaching the minimum size for travel groups is quicker. According to the park records, over 90% of Mount Denali hikers climb through the West Buttress pass. 

7.  Know Your Limits

You know your body best. Don’t overexert to the point of endangering yourself or others. If you’re having problems, notify the hike leader right away. Many climbers experience headaches, blurry vision and fatigue during the journey. These tend to subside as they acclimate to the altitude and get some rest. However, worsening symptoms might indicate Acute Mountain Sickness, requiring you to return to lower elevations immediately.

Make sure you eat enough. Your nutrient reserves deplete faster during exertion, so you need lots of calorie-rich foods to keep your energy levels up. 

8. Enhance Team Dynamics and Communication 

The highest mountain in North America is a global monument, attracting adventurers and thrill seekers worldwide. Since 2022, 34% of climbers at Denali have come from outside the U.S., so expect a diverse climb team with varying individual cultural backgrounds and philosophies. However, once the climb commences, these differences take a secondary role. Summiting Denali demands teamwork, communication and a relaxed attitude. 

You’re climbing as a group and you need to trust each other and cultivate a supportive environment. Keep to agreed timelines and maintain a commitment to safety. Lastly, lend a helping hand as needed. It could be you who needs the extra assistance the next day. 

Conquer the Highest Mountain in the U.S.

Denali stands tall and majestic, overlooking the pristine Alaskan wilderness. The mountain poses the ultimate challenge, daring the bravest climbers to attempt its summit. Going on such a high-altitude hike is one of life’s most exhilarating experiences, so ensure you’re well-prepped for the journey. Let these tips be a starting point in your preparations for the achievement of a lifetime.

The post 8 Prep Tips for Hiking the Highest Mountain in North America appeared first on Modded.

Mountain biking involves cycling on rough, off-road terrains, often through challenging trails and natural landscapes. The sport offers a range of physical and mental benefits. It enhances cardiovascular fitness, strengthens muscles, and improves overall endurance. Additionally, mountain biking provides an opportunity to immerse oneself in nature, reducing stress and promoting a sense of adventure and freedom.

Before embarking on any mountain biking adventure, it is vital to prioritize proper preparation and safety measures. Failing to do so can lead to accidents and injuries. By taking the time to prepare adequately, riders can reduce risks and maximize their enjoyment on the trails. Safety includes wearing appropriate protective gear, ensuring the bike is in optimal condition, and understanding the trail’s difficulty level and terrain features.

This comprehensive guide is designed to assist beginners in their mountain biking journey. It covers essential aspects, from selecting the right equipment to mastering fundamental mountain biking techniques. The guide will also delve into climbing and descending skills, handling obstacles, and understanding trail etiquette. Additionally, it emphasizes the significance of gradual progression, continued learning, and post-ride maintenance to foster a safe and rewarding mountain biking experience.

Choosing the Right Equipment

Selecting the Right Bike

When choosing a mountain bike, it is essential to consider various factors to ensure it suits your needs and riding style. There are different types of mountain bikes, such as hardtail and full-suspension bikes, each offering distinct advantages. Hardtail bikes have front suspension only, providing a lighter and more efficient option for smoother trails. On the other hand, full-suspension bikes come with both front and rear suspension, ideal for tackling rougher and more technical terrains, providing better control and comfort.

Considerations Based on Terrain and Riding Style

Understanding the terrain and the type of riding you intend to do will further influence your bike selection. For cross-country trails and long-distance rides, a lightweight hardtail bike might be the best choice, offering efficiency and agility. For downhill trails or aggressive riding, a full-suspension bike with more suspension travel will better handle rough descents and provide improved traction.

What to Wear Mountain Biking

Apart from the bike itself, having the right gear and accessories is crucial for a safe and enjoyable mountain biking experience.

1. Helmet and Protective Gear

Wearing a properly fitting helmet is non-negotiable for mountain biking safety. A good-quality helmet will protect your head in case of falls or accidents. Additionally, consider investing in other protective gear, such as knee and elbow pads, to safeguard vulnerable areas from potential injuries.

2. Proper Clothing and Footwear

Dress appropriately for mountain biking, opting for moisture-wicking and breathable clothing to stay comfortable during rides. Avoid loose clothing that may get caught in the bike’s moving parts. For footwear, opt for sturdy, closed-toe shoes with good traction that provide ankle support.

3. Tools and Emergency Supplies

Carry essential tools and emergency supplies to handle unexpected situations on the trail. A basic toolkit may include a multitool, tire levers, spare inner tube, and a portable tire pump. Additionally, bring along a first-aid kit, sufficient water, snacks, and a mobile phone for communication in case of emergencies.

By carefully selecting the right bike and ensuring you have the necessary gear and accessories, you can set the foundation for a safe and enjoyable mountain biking experience.

Pre-Ride Preparation

1. Inspect Tire Pressure and Condition

Before hitting the trail, check the tire pressure to ensure it matches the recommended range for your bike and riding style. Proper tire pressure optimizes traction and handling on different terrains. Also, inspect the tires for any cuts, punctures, or signs of wear that could lead to potential issues during the ride.

2. Evaluate the Brake System

Test both the front and rear brakes to ensure they engage smoothly and effectively. Check brake pads for wear and replace them if necessary. Properly functioning brakes are crucial for maintaining control and safety during descents and technical sections.

3. Adjust Suspension Settings (If Applicable)

For full-suspension bikes, adjust the front and rear suspension settings based on your weight, riding style, and the terrain you’ll encounter. Proper suspension settings optimize comfort and control, enhancing your ability to handle rough sections of the trail.

Safety Check for Personal Gear

1. Ensure the Helmet Fits Correctly

Confirm that your helmet fits snugly on your head, with the straps securely fastened. It should sit level on your forehead and not obstruct your vision. A properly fitting helmet is vital for protecting your head in the event of a fall or collision.

2. Adjust Protective Gear

If you’re wearing knee pads, elbow pads, or other protective gear, ensure they are correctly adjusted and securely fastened. Properly fitted protective gear reduces the risk of injury to vulnerable areas during crashes or unexpected impacts.

C. Understanding the Trail and Conditions

1. Research the Trail’s Difficulty Level

Familiarize yourself with the difficulty level of the trail you plan to ride. Trails are often graded as easy, intermediate, difficult or expert based on technical features and elevation changes. Choose a trail that matches your skill level to ensure an enjoyable and safe ride.

2. Check Weather and Terrain Conditions

Before heading out, check the weather forecast for the day to prepare for any potential changes in conditions. Also, consider recent rainfall, as wet or muddy trails can significantly affect traction and difficulty. Being aware of the terrain conditions allows you to adapt your riding technique accordingly.

Informing Others of Your Ride Plans

If heading out alone, let someone know about your ride plans prior to leaving. Share the trail you’ll be riding, your expected duration, and an approximate return time. This information can be critical in case of emergencies, ensuring someone can reach out for help if you do not return as expected.

By conducting a thorough pre-ride preparation that includes checking your bike, ensuring proper gear, understanding the trail and conditions, and informing others of your ride plans, you set the foundation for a safer and more enjoyable mountain biking experience.

Basic Mountain Biking Techniques

Maintain a Proper Stance for Control and Balance

Adopt an active and balanced stance on the bike. Keep your knees slightly bent and your body centered between the handlebars and saddle. This position lowers your center of gravity, enhancing stability and control over the bike.

Distribute Weight for Different Trail Situations

Adjust your weight distribution based on the trail’s terrain and obstacles. When climbing, shift your weight forward to maintain traction on the front wheel. Conversely, when descending, shift your weight backward to keep the front wheel grounded and prevent going over the handlebars.

Braking Techniques

Use Both Front and Rear Brakes Effectively

Utilize both the front and rear brakes for controlled and efficient braking. Apply gradual pressure to the brakes to avoid sudden skidding or loss of control. The front brake provides most of the stopping power, but using both brakes in harmony maximizes control during descents and tight turns.

Avoid Skidding and Maintain Control

Practice modulating the brake pressure to prevent skidding. Skidding reduces traction and control, increasing the risk of accidents. Instead, apply the brakes smoothly and release them momentarily if you feel the tires locking up, allowing them to regain traction.

Shifting Gears Efficiently

Understand Gear Ratios for Uphill and Downhill Riding

Familiarize yourself with your bike’s gear ratios to optimize pedaling efficiency on various terrains. Shift to lower gears when climbing steep ascents to make pedaling easier and maintain a consistent cadence. On downhill sections or flat terrain, shift to higher gears to build speed efficiently.

Make Smooth Gear Transitions to Prevent Chain Issues

Anticipate gear changes and shift proactively to prevent sudden, jarring shifts that could lead to chain drop or damage. Ease the pressure on the pedals while shifting, and avoid shifting under heavy load. Additionally, keep the chain well-lubricated and regularly check for any signs of wear or damage.

By mastering these fundamental mountain biking techniques, including body positioning, braking skills, and efficient gear shifting, you’ll enhance your control, confidence, and overall enjoyment on the trails. Practice these techniques regularly to improve your mountain biking skills and tackle more challenging terrain with ease.

Uphill Riding Techniques

Gear Selection for Climbing

Choose an appropriate gear ratio before tackling uphill sections. Shift to lower gears to make pedaling easier and more efficient on steep ascents. This allows you to maintain a steady cadence without straining your legs excessively. Anticipate changes in terrain and adjust gears accordingly to keep the momentum going.

Pacing and Conserving Energy

Pace yourself during climbs to conserve energy for the entire ride. Avoid pushing too hard at the beginning of the ascent, as this can lead to fatigue later on. Instead, maintain a steady pace and use your gears wisely to manage the effort required. When facing particularly challenging sections, consider using a zigzag pattern (switchbacks) to make the climb more manageable.

Downhill Riding Techniques

Maintaining a Stable Position

While descending, maintain a stable and balanced position on the bike. Keep your body centered and relaxed, with your knees and elbows slightly bent to absorb impacts. Hover your fingers over the brakes, ready to engage them when necessary, but avoid squeezing them too tightly, as it can lead to loss of control.

Controlling Speed and Handling Obstacles

Control your speed by feathering the brakes, applying intermittent pressure rather than sustained braking. This technique helps you maintain better traction and control while descending. Scan the trail ahead and anticipate obstacles such as rocks, roots, or drops. Shift your body weight accordingly to maneuver the bike smoothly over these obstacles and maintain your balance.

You’re Ready to Go!

By mastering these uphill and downhill mountain biking techniques, you can efficiently navigate varying terrains and confidently handle challenging sections. Uphill riding requires strategic gear selection and energy management, while downhill riding demands a stable position, controlled speed and quick obstacle-handling skills. With consistent practice, you’ll enhance your overall mountain biking abilities and fully enjoy the thrill of both climbing and descending.

Not quite ready to take on a mountain? Take a look at our list of urban cycling essentials to get a feel for your bike in a more local environment.

The post Mountain Biking: A Comprehensive Guide appeared first on Modded.

Cats and dogs are great, but sometimes, you may want something a little more exotic. With their beautiful patterns, huge diversity and undeniable cool factor, snakes are a great option. Still, some are easier to take care of than others, so you’ll want to know the best pet snakes ahead of time.

Your reptilian pal should be gentle, safe and relatively easy to feed and keep contained. Here are 10 that fit that description.

1. Corn Snakes

Corn snakes are arguably the best pet snakes for most people. Sometimes called red rat snakes, these little guys come in orange and red patterns, are docile and can live for 15 to 20 years if you take care of them.

These reptiles aren’t picky eaters and require an easy 75-to-95-degree enclosure — think of replicating their natural habitat in the southwest U.S. While there’s no such thing as a social snake, corn snakes don’t stress out easily. That’s good news if you have other pets, as you should socialize your dog with other animals in your home. 

2. Rosy Boas

Rosy boas are another easy-to-care-for snake species from the southwest. Their distinct striped pattern makes them one of the more eye-catching pets out there, and they rarely grow longer than three feet.

Like corn snakes, rosy boas are as docile as they come and don’t have stringent space or heat requirements. They eat mice like many of the snakes on this list, but you can use frozen mice from pet stores, as they aren’t picky.

3. Hognose Snakes

Hognoses as a group are some of the other best pet snakes to keep. Unlike the rosy boa and corn snake, this isn’t a specific species but a group of snakes from three different genera sharing a distinctive upturned nose. In most cases, though, when people talk about pet hognoses, they’re talking about the Heterodon genus, which is native to the U.S.

Many hognose snakes don’t grow beyond two feet, so you won’t need much space. They’re a little more defensive than rosy boas and corn snakes but are still docile, especially when you care for them properly.

4. California Kingsnakes

For something a little flashier, look no further than the California kingsnake. Kingsnakes, as a whole, are some of the most widespread snakes in the U.S., and anything that common won’t need too much attention to live a long, healthy life.

The California kingsnake has a beautiful striped pattern featuring bold bands of contrasting colors. It also has a manageable size of up to four feet and, as you might guess from how widespread it is in nature, doesn’t need extreme housing conditions.

5. Milk Snakes

Milk snakes are another species of kingsnake. These are some of the best pet snakes not only for their easygoing nature but their stunning colors. While their patterns are largely similar to the California kingsnake, they feature vibrant reds and yellows in their scales.

Caring for a milk snake is about the same as a California kingsnake. They need a small-to-medium enclosure with heated areas ranging from 75 to 92 degrees, which is easy with a heat lamp or two. 

6. Ball Pythons

While all the snakes on this list make great pets, you’ll struggle to find one more popular than the ball python. These snakes get their name from a habit of curling up into a ball — something stemming from their shy, gentle nature. They’re also beautiful, featuring a wide range of different patterns.

Other python species can get huge, but ball pythons stay a manageable four to five feet. Like many snakes, they only require feeding every one to two weeks, but ball pythons can be picky eaters. You’ll have to feed them fresh mice — nothing frozen or stale — which is why they don’t rank higher here.

7. Garter Snakes

Ball pythons may be the most common pet snake, but if you’ve seen a snake in the wild, there’s a good chance it was a garter snake. This genus holds a ton of diversity across different habitats, making them one of the more common snakes in the U.S.

Gartner snakes are small, typically gentle and easy to feed and care for. So why don’t they rank higher? They like to move around a lot, which can be a handful, and they may release some foul-smelling pheromones before they get used to you. 

8. Carpet Pythons

Carpet pythons are a good option if you want a pet snake that’s a bit bigger. These guys can reach up to eight or nine feet, so they’ll require quite a bit of room.

Like other pythons, these snakes have beautiful patterns and are generally docile. That said, their feeding response is rather aggressive, so be careful when feeding them.

9. Green Tree Pythons

Another great pet python species is the green tree python. These snakes’ bright green scales and white spotted patterns make them one of the most unique pet snakes from a visual standpoint. They can also live upwards of 20 years, making them good long-term pets.

While green tree pythons aren’t outright aggressive, they are more defensive than other snakes on this list, so don’t try to hold them much. They also require high humidity, so they’re not quite as easy to keep as others.

10. Asian Vine Snakes

Capping this list of the best pet snakes is the Asian vine snake. Like green tree pythons, these snakes have beautiful bright green scales, but they’re much smaller, making them easier to keep.

Asian vine snakes require between 80% to 100% humidity, which makes maintaining a proper living environment a little more complicated. They also have a more specialized diet than other U.S.-native snakes and are prone to parasites, so they may need a few vet visits.

Tips for Keeping a Pet Snake

Regardless of what kind of snake you choose, you should keep a few things in mind. You’ll need an enclosure at least two-thirds the length of your snake so they have enough room to move around. All snakes also require spot heating and controlled humidity, though specifics vary between species.

Remember to clean their enclosure regularly to keep your snake comfortable. Similarly, they’ll need relatively clean water — enough for them to sit in and cool off.

You should also remember that there’s no such thing as a truly social snake. Don’t keep more than one in the same enclosure, as it’ll likely end poorly. Along those lines, it’s best to leave your snake alone most of the time. Avoid handling it more than a couple of times a week.

Remember to look up your specific snake’s behavior. Even a nonvenomous snake bite can hurt, and even docile snakes can strike if they feel backed into a wall. You may want tongs to feed them to keep your hand out of harm’s way.

Find the Best Pet Snake for You

The best pet snake depends on what you can manage and what kind of animals you like. Any species on this list is a great place to start.

Despite their more stringent habitat requirements, snakes are relatively low-maintenance pets once you set their enclosure up. Find the right snake for you today to get started.

The post The Best Pet Snakes and Tips to Take Care of Them Safely appeared first on Modded.

As you lace up your hiking boots and step into the great outdoors, the beauty of nature unfolds before you with every step. Moreover, there’s the added thrill of potentially encountering wildlife — including various types of bears — in their natural habitats.

Whether it’s the dense, whispering forests, the vast, open mountains or the tranquil, hidden valleys, each trail offers its unique charm. Keep your senses sharp and your camera ready in these situations. Meeting a bear on the trail can turn an ordinary hike into an extraordinary adventure.

5 Types of Bears Commonly Seen While Hiking

As you embark on your next hiking adventure, it’s fascinating to consider the variety of bear species you might come across in the wild. From the familiar black bear to the formidable grizzly, each type has unique traits and habitats, enriching your outdoor experience with their presence.

1. Black Bears

Black bears — recognized as North America’s most familiar and common bears — are a sight to behold with their sleek, dark fur and robust build. Sometimes, these bears can sport lighter cinnamon shades.

Typically weighing between 200 and 600 pounds, these adaptable creatures roam from the dense forests of Canada and Alaska, stretching south into parts of the U.S. and Mexico. As you explore these regions, you might spot them foraging in the woods or crossing a meadow, a testament to their wide-ranging habitats and ability to thrive in various environments.

2. Grizzly Bears

Grizzly bears, also known as brown bears, are larger and more robust than their black bear cousins, with a distinct muscular hump on their shoulders and longer, curved claws for digging. Their fur can range from a dark brown to a light tan, often with grizzled gray or golden tips, giving them their name.

You’ll typically find them in the northern Rocky Mountains, parts of Alaska and some isolated areas in western Canada, where they roam from coastal areas to mountain forests. As you venture into these wild, less-populated regions, watch for these imposing yet magnificent types of bears in their natural habitats.

3. Polar Bears

While hiking, encountering a polar bear is rare, as these majestic creatures predominantly roam the icy, remote Arctic regions. Suppose your adventures take you to colder climates, especially Alaska. 

You might be among the lucky few who spot one of the estimated 4,000 to 7,000 polar bears residing there. Known for their stark white fur, which helps them blend seamlessly into their snowy surroundings, polar bears are a thrilling sight, embodying the wild spirit of the Arctic’s vast landscapes.

4. Asiatic Bears

Asiatic bears, often called moon bears for the distinctive crescent-shaped white patch on their chest, boast a sleek black coat and a relatively small size compared to other types of bears. These species primarily dwell in the forested areas of Asia. 

They roam through countries like Japan, Korea, China and parts of Russia and India. As you wander through these lush landscapes, watch for these unique creatures. They blend remarkably well into the dense foliage of their woodland habitats.

5. Sloth Bears

Sloth bears stand out among their bear relatives with their shaggy black coats and a distinctive pale, shaggy mane around their faces. Unlike other bears, sloth bears primarily feast on insects. They use their long, curved claws and uniquely adapted lips to extract termites and bees from their nests expertly.

They are native to the Indian subcontinent. However, suppose your travels or visits to wildlife reserves take you around the U.S. You might find it intriguing that there are about 30 sloth bears across 15 facilities in the country. They offer a rare glimpse of these fascinating creatures far from their natural habitats.

Preparing for Bear Encounters

Preparing correctly and staying aware of your surroundings is crucial when hiking in bear country. Before you set out, pack bear-safe food containers to store your snacks securely, reducing the chance of attracting curious types of bears. Additionally, it’s wise to bring high-energy snacks like nuts, trail mix and energy bars to keep your energy levels up during your trek.

If you find yourself face-to-face with a bear, remain calm and avoid running or making sudden movements, as these can trigger a chase response. Speak in a relaxed, firm voice to let the bear know you are human and not prey. Always carry bear spray, a vital tool to deter a bear from approaching. It releases a cloud of pepper spray up to about 10 meters at over 100km per hour.

Suppose the bear does not retreat. Use your bear spray as directed, aiming carefully and allowing the spray to create a barrier between you and the bear. It facilitates your safe withdrawal from the area. Remember, your safety comes first, so educate yourself and be prepared for encounters.

Best Practices for Bear Watching

In 2023, over 61 million Americans embraced the great outdoors through hiking. They connect with nature and often encounter its majestic inhabitants, like various types of bears. When observing and photographing these powerful creatures, it’s essential to maintain a safe distance to ensure your safety and their peace.

Equip yourself with binoculars or a camera with a strong zoom lens to capture stunning images from afar. This method provides remarkable snapshots and protects the bears’ natural behavior and environment.

While enjoying the thrill of bear watching, remember the ethical responsibility to respect and preserve wildlife and their habitats. Avoid disturbing or threatening bears, such as getting too close or trying to feed them.

By acting responsibly, you contribute to conservation efforts and ensure future generations will enjoy the opportunity to witness these incredible animals in their natural settings. Keep in mind that observing from a distance is safer and more respectful to the wildlife you’re admiring.

Where and When to Hike for Optimal Bear Sightings

The best times to see bears in the wild are during the spring when they emerge from hibernation and in early fall as they bulk up for the winter. In North America, prime spots for bear sightings include Yellowstone and Glacier National Parks. They are known for their grizzly populations, while the Great Smoky Mountains have black bears.

Consider joining guided wildlife tours or bear-watching hiking groups to enhance your experience and ensure safety. Knowledgeable guides lead these tours and can provide insights into bear behaviors and habitats. It greatly increases your chances of a sighting while maintaining a respectful distance from these magnificent creatures.

Understanding Bear Behavior and Safety on the Trail

Before setting out on your next hiking adventure, take the time to educate yourself about bears and other wildlife you may encounter. Knowledge of their behaviors and habitats enriches your experience. It ensures a safer journey for you and the animals you observe.

The post 5 Types of Bears You Might Encounter on Your Next Hiking Trip appeared first on Modded.

Hiking is an excellent way to get exercise and embrace Mother Nature around you. However, some people focus more on the fitness elements and less on the wilderness. How can you appreciate the scenery and be present while on the trail? Take a day to go soft hiking. This fitness trend combines physical activity and mindfulness while trekking the great outdoors. Here’s what you need to know about this trend. 

What Is Soft Hiking?

Soft hiking is a slow-paced and more mindful version of traditional walks in the woods. Your focus is more on nature around you instead of accomplishing a personal best time. Your soft hikes appreciate fish passing in a stream, deserted buildings, beautiful trees and the breeze blowing on your cheek. This version of hiking prioritizes the journey more than the destination.  

While people have practiced it for generations, soft hiking got its name during the pandemic. A pair of girls from the United Kingdom — Lucy Hird and Emily Thornton — started a TikTok account dedicated to this more relaxed version of outdoor adventures. The soft hiking keyword reached 10 billion views on the video-sharing app, demonstrating this fitness trend’s popularity worldwide. 

How Is It Different From Regular Hiking?

Soft and traditional hiking aren’t much different. However, there are some essential distinctions you’ll need to know if you plan an excursion with friends. Here are the differences you need to know:

• Taking it easy: Hiking isn’t usually something you can do on a lunch break. The softer version entails taking your time — even if it means you spend all day on a five-mile hike.  
• Stopping at amazing sites: Why do these hikes take so long? You have plenty of time to stop and smell the roses. You may walk by an old church or find an open field to throw a football. The trail could also provide scenery for a fantastic photoshoot. 
• Eating a long lunch: Some hikers don’t like to stop for lunch — if they do, it’s only for a quick bite. Soft hiking encourages long rests to refuel your body and relax your muscles. Carbs are your body’s primary energy source, so stock up on trail mix, fruits and easy-to-digest snacks. 

What Are the Benefits of Soft Hiking?

It’s no secret that hiking is good for the body. How does soft hiking help compared to regular outings? Here are a few positive implications to consider before your next outing. 

Being Outdoors

The primary benefit you get on these slower hikes is more outdoor time. Being in the wilderness lets you disconnect from your phone, social media and the hustle and bustle of daily life. While you can bring electronic devices, good luck finding a cell signal in the wilderness. Outdoor exercise means you get vitamin D, fresh air, mental clarity and more benefits. 

Easier Exercise

Exercise is great, but there’s a possibility you’ll overdo it while hiking. For example, you might not take enough breaks or overstrain your muscles due to the distance you travel. Exceeding your limits leads to shin splints, stress fractures and other unwanted injuries. 

Soft hiking addresses this issue by taking it easy and emphasizing relaxing exercise over a great workout. You’ll burn calories but don’t need to overwork yourself for a great outing.   

Reduced Anxiety

While the physical benefits are great, you’ll reap the mental health boost from softer hikes. Being outside naturally boosts your happiness due to the calming colors and the therapeutic environment. Seeing green entails being envious. However, seeing green on the trails is a positive due to the trees and plants surrounding you. 

Enjoying Yourself

Who says hiking has to be strenuous? If you would rather take a step back and relax in nature, that sounds like an excellent option. Hird and Thornton started the soft hiking trend because they didn’t fit with others’ approach to outdoor time. These companions had advanced fitness levels or didn’t want to stop to enjoy the scenery. The softer version of the trend emphasizes enjoyment over your physical fitness goals. 

Where Are the Best Places to Go Soft Hiking?

Does soft hiking change where you should travel? This version of outdoor exercise doesn’t necessarily change the distance you walk. However, it emphasizes the scenery and enjoying every moment. Here are a few examples of beautiful trails that are ideal for soft hiking adventures. 

Grand Teton National Park

While Yellowstone grabs attention in Wyoming, Grand Teton National Park holds its own with various terrains for hiking. The recreation area features forests, mountains, valleys, lakes and rivers. You can take a week-long trip to Grand Teton and not get bored! The park is one of America’s best due to its postcard-worthy scenery and easy trail options. Bask in Wyoming’s beauty while emphasizing mindfulness. 

Kalalau Trail

Are tropical locations more up your alley? Kalalau Trail in Hawaii is excellent for hiking along the Pacific Coast and embracing the incredible scenery. The course totals 11 miles and is inside Nāpali Coast State Wilderness Park, making it a must-see for outdoor enthusiasts in the Aloha State. You’ll start on Ke’e Beach and end your trek on Kalalau Beach after a few hours in the sun. 

Slow hiking and mindfulness are a more significant emphasis on the Kalalau Trail because of its dangers. The course can be slippery, which is an unwelcome sight when you’re walking on narrow trails. The streams are another concern when walking along the Kalalau Trail. 

Plitviče Lakes National Park

While America boasts natural beauty, you can find great soft hiking opportunities in other countries. For instance, check out Plitviče Lakes National Park in central Croatia. The Plitviče Lakes and the waterfalls look like an image in a video game or somebody’s screensaver. The location is terrific for a soft hike because you’ll sit in awe while embracing the park’s natural beauty.  

Getting Into Soft Hiking

If life is a race, there’s room for someone in second or third place. Rushing is fine if you’re up against a deadline at work or trying to catch a flight. However, time outdoors should be sacred and appreciated. Soft hiking makes it easier by embracing the world around you and making this exercise an experience — not a chore. Save your chores for the household and try a soft hike next time you go out. 

The post Soft Hiking: The New Way to Appreciate Nature appeared first on Modded.

So you’ve heard about the mystery geocaching, and what you’ve heard is enough to get you asking some questions. What is a geocache? How do you find one? What’s the best geocaching app to use? Lace-up, you’re about to learn how to geocache. 

What is Geocaching? 

Geocaching is what you would call a high-tech international treasure hunt. The aim of the game is to track and find geocaches, which are small hidden treasures placed in TC spots by other people. It’s been around since 2000, so there are endless caches and treasures to seek. 

To find the geocaches, you download a GPS-enabled app on your phone, then pick a geocache to find and download the coordinates for the hunt. You can also download a map from a website, but GPS on your phone will be more accessible, especially if you want to track your trip in real time. 

With geocaches in 196 countries worldwide on all seven continents and in space, you can geocache just about anywhere. From New York’s two-decade-old geocache to Germany’s Lego geocache giraffe, you can go to many exciting places with geocaching. 

What is a Geocache? 

A geocache can be virtual or physical. Virtual Caches work like Pokemon Go and someone sets up hidden treasures on a map and you follow the GPS with an app on your phone to find them. 

Physical geocaches come as waterproof containers with a logbook inside for you to sign and sometimes a treasure to trade. When you go on your first geocache hunt, you’ll want to carry tokens to put in caches for other cachers to find.  Along with the physical log book, you can also sign digital log books to prove your findings. 

So physical geocaches come in different forms:

• Regular Caches – These can be waterproof containers like Tupperware or ammunition boxes. 
• Micro Cache –  A small cache, usually the size of a film canister.
• Nano Cache –   This is an even smaller cache with the logbook rolled up inside. It’s so small you may need tweezers to pull out whatever’s inside so if you go hunting for one, be prepared!
• Camouflaged Cache – People usually use disguises to hide these caches like fake rocks.  
• Multi-caches – This involves two or more locations, to find the cache, you will have to follow the coordinates for clues
•  Mystery caches – A mystery cache requires you to complete a puzzle and gather information from coordinates to find the final location. 

Best Geocaching Apps for Beginners 

Find the best geocaching app to start your adventures.

1. GooseChase

Maybe you’re interested in the geocache chase, but downloading maps, finding coordinates, and packing tweezers for a nanocache sounds a little too much for you right now. Try GooseChase, an interactive digital treasure hunt that just needs you to have your phone on you. You can participate in a scavenger hunt made by someone else and find hidden digital treasures in your local park, playground or city center. It’s a great app to practice and gain skill before diving into the deep end. GooseChase is the overall best geocaching app for beginners or students.

2. AdventureLab

AdventureLab is also an excellent way to learn if you’re just getting started. It’s primarily virtual, but adventures take you to physical locations with puzzles, clues and questions to discover landmarks and everyday treasures in your vicinity. You can also design your own treasure hunt map with waypoints or cache signals that make up an interactive map of your local area. The scoring system on the app allows you to find friends and compare your geocache experience and treasure finds. 

3. Geocaching

This is a great geocaching app, especially for families with kids who want to try it out. It has a simple interface that’s easy to understand and even lets you use a secondary map app.  The free version has cool features like finding geocaches by location, type and tracking code. You can also log your finds or caches you struggled to find. The app lets you see how difficult it is to get to the geocache, the kind of terrain and a description to help you find it. You can even message the geocacher who placed it where it is. 

4. c:geo

If you’re looking for the best free geocaching app that is truly free, c:geo might be your best bet. c:geo is an Android app that gives you access to various geocaches. You can search for caches in several ways using coordinates, addresses, keywords, nearby caches to find and even a ‘go to’ option that lets you move from one cache coordinates to another. Choose the cache type you want through the filters. Pick traditional caches only or mystery caches and earthcaches, for example. 

You can download maps to use offline, access trail maps for off-road geocaching and it will still work as if you’re online. You can also use external maps and a compass and customize the app and set the app to low power mode if you’re taking a long trip and need the extra battery power. 

5. Cachly

Cachly is similar to the Geocaching app, it just requires a one-time payment to get all the features like offline maps and advanced search. It works with an Apple watch, which makes it great for adventurous geocaching where you might want to put your phone away. 

You can search for caches nearby when you find a cache with the app. It also lets you hide caches you found so you can focus on getting new ones without distractions. You can also highlight caches to stand out on the map or make your personal notes and handpick caches to make a private list. 

Tips for Geocaching Adventures

• Stay safe. If your GPS shows a cache inside a waterfall or past the cliff’s edge, remember your smartphone’s GPS sometimes gets it wrong.  When using your geocaching app, think of safe ways to get to the cache. It could be around the waterfall by a tree or at the bottom of the cliff. 
• Be discreet – For the sake of other geocachers, try to draw little attention to the cache and hide it when you’re done. 
• If you find a treasure in the cache, leave one too! You can leave a golf ball, a badge, a small pack of cards or a toy or anything that both kids and adults would enjoy. 
• If you can message the person who put the cache there, remember to say TFTC– Which stands for ‘Thanks for the Cache’. 
• Look for events or geocaching pop-ups like Secret Santa geocaching on Reddit.  

A World of Adventure Awaits 

Get your running shoes on and visit your local national park today for some geocaching fun. While it may not be the Lego geocache giraffe in Germany, there are thousands of exciting places to see and treasures to find. 

Originally posted 11/23/23 – Updated 4/29/24

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You have seen many ocean shows on the Discovery Channel, and at the end of every episode, you ponder the seemingly endless number of creatures that live in the water. Your mind races with the overwhelming images of what lies beneath the surface. The ocean is full of mystery and the unknown. 

There is still so much to learn about the sea. Only about 5% of the ocean has been explored. To truly understand the realm of possibilities, you must understand some common facts about the sea. This will expand your knowledge and understanding of the ocean’s potential. 

Why Learn About the Ocean?

The ocean is fascinating and mysterious, but there is so much more than what lies beneath the surface. It comprises 70% of Earth and affects the weather, making or breaking the sustainability and growth of all life forms.

Studying and understanding the ocean can clarify what happened to past civilizations and life forms. You can appreciate its impact on all living things. Through absorbing solar radiation and releasing heat, the sea can influence the Earth’s climate by producing rainfall and driving climate change. 

You can enhance your knowledge by learning about ocean surface typography, which is a form of study NASA utilizes to track the sea’s impact on weather and climate. Understanding currents and heat storage can simplify this concept and give you a well-rounded outlook on the ocean’s impact on civilization. 

Basic Ocean Facts

Whether you remember fourth-grade science class or watch every ocean show possible, there’s always more to learn about this vast body of water. These lessons might have touched on how many oceans there are or explained that an incoming high tide is best for saltwater fishing. However, there’s much more to learn about the ocean’s complexity. 

1. How Far Can You See Across the Ocean?

Many factors hinder your ability to see across the ocean, such as height, which affects how far someone can see into the horizon on a perfect day. However, it is common for most to see around three miles away while standing offshore.  

Clear weather allows you to see the furthest distance when looking at the horizon. Weather, including haze, rain, fog and snow, can hinder your ability to see longer. Other factors, including time of day, water and air temperature, and wind speeds, can also affect your vision. 

2. How Deep Is the Ocean?

The sea has various depths and is not uniform, even close to shore. In 2010, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration estimated that the ocean’s average depth is 12,080 feet. However, this may be lower today due to the changing sea floor. 

The Mariana Trench is the deepest part of the ocean, measuring 35,876 feet deep. This area is in the Pacific Ocean and continues changing as tectonic plates separate over time.

3. Does the Ocean Freeze?

Lakes, ponds and pools freeze, but does the ocean? Many believe that due to the salt in the water and the waves’ movement, the sea cannot freeze. However, it does. Roughly 15% of the ocean can freeze during specific times of year. 

Ocean water can freeze at 28 F, 10 degrees lower than its average temperature. The ice contains little salt because it is only partially frozen. If you ever find yourself stranded in the frozen sea, you can melt the ice for drinking water.

Questions About the Ocean

You likely have many questions about the ocean. It covers most of the Earth’s surface, leaving much room for learning. 

1. What Is Sea Smoke?

You may take an early morning walk when visiting the beach with your friends and family. As you look out on the ocean, you see fog hovering over the water. This is actually sea smoke. 

Sea smoke is created when a cold air mass drifts over warm water. It is not limited to the ocean but can also occur with other bodies of water, such as lakes and rivers. Autumn is the most common time for sea smoke, as the water is still warm from the summer months while the air temperature has begun to drop. 

2. How Fast Is the Ocean Rising?

Sea levels are increasing due to global warming. NASA monitors the change through its satellite data, reporting that it has increased from 0.1 to 0.13 inches since 1993. NASA’s Surface Water and Ocean Topography satellite, along with other equipment, can monitor this rate closely for precise readings. 

Questions About Boats

Many sea enthusiasts also find interest and joy in boats and boating experiences. This knowledge goes hand-in-hand with learning about the sea. 

1. Can You Live on a Boat?

Forrest Gump made living on a boat look like a freeing experience filled with self-reflection, but is it possible to live on one full time?

It’s a possibility for many boat owners. However, deciding to live on the sea takes tons of preparation, including food supplies, safety equipment and other essential items.

Boat living does not necessarily mean you need to move out to sea. Most live in their vessels on a dock or marina. Most marinas require an application to stay there permanently. Some places have lengthy waiting lists or will not authorize permanent residence. 

Living on a boat requires drastic downsizing and preparation for constant sun exposure. Be sure to have preventive and healing sun care for all areas, even your lips, to protect their thin skin while living on the water. 

2. How Far Away Can You See a Ship at Sea?

Seeing the horizon depends on weather conditions and height. However, the distance you can see from a ship is drastically different from just standing on the shore. 

The average person can see three miles out on the horizon when standing on land. When standing on a ship or boat, the average distance you can see is 12 miles offshore due to the height of the vessel and its position on the water. 

Most sea captains will verify that 12 miles can be seen from any boat as a safety precaution for spotting other vessels. Interestingly enough, international waters are 12 miles from shore, which is believed to correlate with the distance that can be seen when perfect weather conditions are present. 

The Sea-Loving Man and His Ocean

You may know abundant ocean facts and information, but there is still much to learn and experience. Whether you want to live life on the marina, map the rise of the ocean or experience sea smoke, facts help establish a better frame of reference. 

Expanding your knowledge about the ocean can provide an overall understanding of how the world and civilizations work. It’s fascinating to learn about the mysteries that lurk in the sea’s shadows, but learning about the science and capabilities will provide insight into the Earth’s future and what caused major societal downfalls in the past. 

There is still so much to learn about the ocean and how it affects the world. Expand your knowledge and uncover the mysteries of this massive body of water, fact by fact.

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A fire pit is a great addition to your backyard. Like many other home projects, it’s also great to build yourself to save money or get the satisfaction of constructing something with your own hands. Even better, learning how to make a fire pit is fairly straightforward.

Maybe you love the outdoors, but the hardcore world of primitive camping is a bit much for you. Maybe you just want a place to relax on a cool night. Whatever the reason, here’s everything you need to know to make a fire pit.

1. Make Some Design Choices

Before diving into how to make a fire pit, you need to decide what kind of pit you want. Start with the shape. Rectangular pits are a bit easier to measure and plan, but circular ones offer a classic design and aren’t much harder to build.

You could also put a metal fire ring or bowl in your pit for easier cleanup or leave it open for a more natural look. Be sure to consider the color and construction material you want, too, as this could limit your choices. You may like a certain color of brick but find it’s only available in one shape or size. See what your local hardware store has in stock to help narrow it down.

2. Determine the Site and Size

Next, you’ll want to determine where you’ll put the fire pit. Find a spot at least 10 feet away from your house and clear of any large plants so you don’t accidentally catch anything on fire. You should also check state and city laws, as some local governments restrict backyard burning in various ways.

While you’re considering a potential site, think of how big you want your fire pit to be. Generally speaking, a diameter of three to four and a half feet is ideal for a large but manageable fire. Be sure to check local regulations about fire pit sizes, too.

3. Gather Your Materials

Now it’s time to get everything you need to actually make the fire pit. You’ll need:

• Bricks, stones or concrete pavers for the exterior ring
• A shovel
• Sand
• Gravel, fire glass or lava rocks to sit inside the ring

Be sure to get fire-resistant bricks, stones or pavers when getting the materials for your exterior ring. If they aren’t made specifically for fire pits, they may explode or fall apart in high heat. The same goes for any gravel or rocks you choose to line the bottom of your pit.

Some other materials you don’t need but may want include:

• A metal fire ring
• A tamper
• Landscaping fabric

How much of everything you need depends on how big of a pit you’re building. Your local hardware store will be able to help you know how many bricks or stones you need. One 50-pound bag of sand and gravel should be plenty for most pits.

4. Dig a Hole

Once you have all your materials, it’s time to get to work. First, outline the shape of your pit. The easiest way is to lay down one layer of your wall material. From there, grab a shovel and use the edge to mark the exterior shape. You could also use spray paint if you prefer.

With your outline in place, get to digging. Your pit should be around seven inches deep to leave plenty of room for your base. Once you’ve got it deep enough, use your shovel or a tamper to level the bottom.

5. Insert Your Lining and Base

The next step in making a fire pit is to lay down the base layers. Place some landscaping fabric first if you have some. This isn’t strictly necessary, but it’ll help prevent weeds and grass that may populate your pit. Then, pour a one-inch layer of sand on top and tamp it down.

6. Place Your Blocks

Now it’s time to build the exterior ring. Put your metal ring in the center of the pit if you’ve chosen to go that route. Otherwise, start stacking blocks.

Line your bricks, stones or pavers on top of the sand at the very edge of your pit, pressing them firmly into the sand. They should hug around the metal ring on their inside face if you’re using one. 

Many fire pit bricks and pavers have a curve, so if you line up the edges, they’ll make a perfect circle. Rectangular pits are even easier, as you’ll just lay them in straight lines. Regardless of your shape, you’ll want to construct two or three layers. Be sure to offset each layer so the spaces where two blocks meet don’t align.

7. Fill the Pit

Next, fill the interior of your pit. The idea here is to make it look nice and stop vegetation from growing inside. It’s worth reiterating that you absolutely must only use fire-resistant materials. Some rocks can explode in fire, and flying shards of hot gravel isn’t fun for anyone.

Lava rocks and fire glass are popular choices and look great, but be sure to check the reviews to ensure they’re as fireproof as they say. Some types of gravel can work, but only if they’re rated for use in fire pits. Alternatively, you could just pour more sand in the bottom. It won’t be as pretty, but it’s cheap and safe.

8. Tidy Up and Enjoy

Well, would you look at that — you now have a functioning fire pit! Clear any excess dirt and debris away from the area and trim the grass around the outside to make it look nice. Now all you have to do is grab your preferred type of beer, light some firewood inside your new pit and enjoy the fruits of your labor.

Make Your Fire Pit Today

Once you know how to make a fire pit, it’s a fairly easy project. You could hire a contractor to do it or buy a premade fire pit, but there’s no matching the cost-efficiency and satisfaction of doing it yourself. You can always upgrade your fire pit by building a walkway to it or placing some torches and chairs around it, too. Get started and add some value to your backyard today.

The post How to Make a Fire Pit Your Neighbors Will Envy appeared first on Modded.

Are you looking to chase new thrills? As long as you’re not afraid of the cold — or heights — ice climbing could become your next adventure. This extreme sport is for the bold. Learn more about ice climbing, its history as a sport and how you can make your first ascent with this guide. 

What Is Ice Climbing?

Ice climbing is just what it sounds like — the sport of climbing frozen water to reach new heights. There are two primary types of ice climbing — water and alpine.

Water ice climbing is what many people picture when they imagine ice climbers scaling perilous icicles hanging from cliffsides. Climbers seek out glaciers, frozen waterfalls or other flowing water sources that have frozen over. Since the water must be frozen, water ice climbing typically takes place in sub-zero temperatures. Most climbers focus on technique over destination.

Alpine ice climbing is more about the destination. It’s one part of mountaineering — in certain climates, mixed climbing includes ice. Climbers must traverse icy sections amid rock and other surfaces while summiting a mountain. 

Both water and alpine ice climbing are typically considered extreme sports due to the physical demands, risks and frequently sub-zero temperatures.

The History of Climbing Ice

Ice climbing has been part of mountaineering for as long as people have scaled frozen peaks. However, it became established as its own unique form of climbing in the 20th century. Rather than learning ice-climbing skills simply to get across frozen sections of mixed routes, some climbers began focusing on ice intentionally.

In the 1960s, Yvon Chouinard designed the modern ice axe, which made ice climbing a safer, more accessible possibility for climbers. Over the last several decades, ice climbing has grown in popularity among climbers looking for the extra thrill of scaling frozen rivers cascading down mountainsides.

The Basics of Ice Climbing

If you want to try your hand at ice climbing, you should familiarize yourself with the what, where, when, why and how of this extreme sport. Learn more about the gear you’ll need, the best seasons and locations to explore the ice, and the top techniques in the business.

Necessary Equipment for Ice Climbing

While some forms of climbing require almost no gear, like bouldering or free soloing, ice climbing isn’t quite so minimalist. You’ll need the proper equipment to stay safe and secure on your adventures, including:

• Insulated climbing boots
• Crampons
• Ice axe(s)
• Dry-treated climbing rope
• Carabiners
• Belay devices
• Climbing harness
• Gloves
• Eye protection
• Helmet
• Ice screws

While rock climbers may have much of the necessary equipment already, some gear is unique to ice climbing — and essential. For example, crampons are a necessity to get traction on snow and ice. They’re metal spikes that attach to the bottom and edges of your boots, allowing you to gain purchase on slippery or hard surfaces.

When Can You Go Climbing?

Many people assume ice climbing is a winter sport because it obviously requires freezing temperatures. However, there are many places you can ice climb year-round. Certain climates and high altitudes remain cold enough all year long for the ice to remain thick and stable.

Whether you’re water ice climbing a glacier in the summer months or taking advantage of your alpine ice climbing skills to summit a high peak, you’ll always be able to find ice routes with a little travel.

While there are always options available somewhere in the world, many ice climbers use warmer months to hone their rock climbing skills. It’s a great way to cross-train and prepare for your next season on the ice.

Where Can You Ice Climb?

Some climbers are lucky enough to have excellent ice climbing spots in their local area, while others in search of the perfect frozen waterfall or snowcapped summit may have to make an adventure of it.

Here are some of the top destinations around the world for enthusiasts:

• Ouray Ice Park, Colorado, U.S.
• Rjukan, Norway
• Cogne, Italy
• The Eiger, Switzerland
• Canmore, Alberta, Canada
• Sandstone Ice Park, Minnesota, U.S.
• Kandersteg, Switzerland
• Hokkaido, Japan
• Frankenstein, New Hampshire, U.S.
• Helmcken Falls, British Columbia, Canada
• Sólheimajökull, Iceland

The Essentials of Ice Climbing Techniques

Most ice climbers alternate between two types of ice climbing styles, depending on the particular terrain — the French and German techniques:

• French technique: This style is also known as flat-footing. As the name suggests, it’s best for flat or moderately steep pitches. The climber keeps almost all crampon points in contact with the ice. At a certain steepness, the climber must sidestep to continue up the slope.
• German technique: This technique is necessary for steeper grades. The climber kicks into the slope, digging the front crampons into the ice for purchase. It’s also called front-pointing for this reason. 

How to Get Started Ice Climbing

If you’ve never been ice climbing, it can seem intimidating. However, you can get started with the right preparation. Keep these tips in mind before you head to the glacier:

• Hire a guide: What better way to learn everything about ice climbing than to hear it directly from an expert? Many ice parks and mountains have experienced guides who can teach you the ropes and help you safely navigate the frozen pitches. 
• Start small: While this may seem like a no-brainer, it can be easy to get caught up in the thrill of ice climbing. Don’t overexert yourself early on. Start with flatter, shorter pitches to develop your strength and technique before moving on to bigger mountains. 
• Follow a cross-training routine: You can build your strength before you even pick up an ice axe. While general physical fitness will benefit you on the ice, developing your grip and arm strength are particularly useful focuses.
• Practice useful techniques: If you’ve never swung an ice pick before, it might not come naturally to you. Give your technique some practice before you find yourself on a frozen waterfall.

Start Your Next Adventure on the Ice

Ice climbing is an increasingly popular sport, attracting professional athletes and enthusiastic hobbyists alike. Layer up and head to the mountain to get a taste of the thrill today.

The post Get a Hang of Ice Climbing: Everything You Need to Know appeared first on Modded.