Car owners must frequently check their trucks to ensure they’re in tip-top condition. One of these regular maintenance checklists is to change the transmission fluid. Learn how to drain the oil, replace the filter and refill the transmission pan with fresh lubricant. 

What Is the Basic Function of the Transmission?

Before you roll up your sleeves for some messy work, it’s essential to understand transmission since it’s tied to the meat of the topic. 

What Is the Transmission and How Does It Work?

Your car’s transmission is the gearbox, which directs the engine’s power to the wheels to move the vehicle. This system also slows the engine down and makes the wheels run at different speeds.

The transmission consists of gears, allowing you to control the power delivered to the car under various driving conditions. It can be either manual or automatic. 

The automatic transmission gives drivers more freedom behind the wheel since they don’t have to worry about switching gears. The catch is it consumes plenty of gas, making it less fuel-efficient. On the other hand, the manual type allows for more control of the automobile. For instance, you can slow down instead of braking. The caveat is you may need weeks of maneuvering practice before you feel comfortable taking the car off the road. 

Without this automatic or manual engine moderator, the car will overheat and spin out of control. 

Where Is the Transmission Located?  

There’s no permanent location for the transmission since its spot depends on the make and model. It can either be in the front, middle or rear. The gearbox is often attached to the engine. In front-wheel-drive cars, it’s usually mounted within the compartment directly connected to the engine. In rear wheel-drive vehicles, it’s attached to the end of the engine under a housing. 

Your car’s manual is a good reference for checking the exact location of the transmission system. 

How to Tell if Transmission Is Bad or Faulty 

The signs of wear and tear on this part are due to many factors. For example, issues with the fluid often result in damaged transmission. You should be wary and proactive in addressing these problems. Failure to repair or replace a malfunctioning gearbox can put your safety at risk. Here are some indications:

1. Burning Smell

 If you feel a nasty sting in your nose coming from the car  — like melting plastic — it could mean the gearbox is overheating or the fluid is burning. It’s risky because it can cause electric fire. If you don’t know how to troubleshoot a car, contact a mechanic for a vehicle health checkup.

2. Leaking Fluid

The transmission fluid is one of many oils in your car. It has a sweet scent and red color to distinguish it from other lubricants. Checking if your vehicle is leaking fluid is simple. Look for any signs of oil on the garage floor or driveway. Grease marks on the ground are an indication of damaged transmission. 

3. Trouble Switching Gears

The transmission has reached its limit if you need to put more effort in switching gears. Another hint is if the car slips between gears when driving. These malfunctions are hazardous and may increase your risk for accidents. Fix the problem immediately. 

4. Strange Noise When the Car Is Neutral

Your car’s transmission needs immediate inspection if you hear any whining, buzzing or humming sound when the clutch is in neutral.

5. Vibration or Shaking

Unsteadiness when switching automotive cogs is another warming sign of a failing part. Get a mechanic to check the transmission.  

A habitual inspection can help you identify problems right away. Learn how to do it yourself or visit a mechanic regularly for a car health assessment. 

How to Change Transmission Fluid by Yourself

Some gearbox issues are caused by its lubricant. Learn how to examine transmission fluid quality and replace it. 

What Is Transmission Fluid?

The car uses different oils to move the parts without being damaged by constant mechanical friction. The transmission fluid keeps automotive parts from rubbing against each other. It coats the components with grease to minimize the grinding of rough surfaces and ensure the engine runs steadily.

The transmission fluid also acts as a thermal exchanger, diverting heat away from the engine so it doesn’t seethe. An engine can combust at temperatures ranging from 2,000 degrees Fahrenheit to 4,500 degrees Fahrenheit. The gearbox oil serves as a coolant to prevent the components from deteriorating.

How to Check the Transmission Fluid

Many vehicles have a dipstick, which you can use to measure how much oil is left inside the gearbox pan. Some modern cars don’t have it, but if you do — follow these steps to check the oil volume. 

1. Open the hood and locate the dipstick. 
2. Once you find it, turn the engine on to warm the vehicle at an operating temperature. 
3. Put the gear in neutral or park with the brake on. 
4. Once the engine is sufficiently primed, pull out the dipstick. 
5. Check the color. It should be reddish. Here’s how to tell the fluid’s health based on color. 

• Bright red: The oil is new and in good condition — no need to take action. 
• Dark red: Schedule a fluid top-up in the future. 
• Brown: The oil has started to oxidate, so keep it in mind and load it up soon. 
• Black: The oil is severely contaminated. Replace the transmission fluid immediately.
• Pink or foamy: The transmission is damaged or the cooler is contaminated. Replace the cooler and flush the transmission fluid.   

6. After identifying its quality, touch the oil with your index finger and rub it against your thumb. If you feel any fine particles, the fluid is polluted and the filter is worn out. 
7. Wipe the dipstick clean with a lint-free fabric, then reinsert it into the tube. 
8. Pull it out again to confirm the reading. Every dipstick has a marker, indicating the proper oil level. Some have “hot” or “cold” labels, while others have L or H (low or high) and Min and Max (abbreviations for minimum and maximum.) 

If you can’t find the dipstick or your car doesn’t have one, refer to the owner’s or car service manuals. Other models have inspection plugs that require special procedures when checking or replenishing the transmission fluid. 

Results of the Oil Check

The transmission fluid inspection has three probable outcomes.

• You only need to fill up if the oil is low, looks reddish and smells OK. 
• You should drain and replace the oil if it looks dark and smells burnt.  
• You should change both the fluid and filter if it’s black and mixed with debris,    

Transmission Fluid Refill

The process to replenish a low-level gearbox oil is straightforward. Follow these steps. 

1. Remove the dipstick from the tube. 
2. Insert the long funnel. 
3. Once the funnel is secure, begin adding fluid slowly. Add a small amount at a time, ensuring not to overfill. 
4. Recheck the reading with the dipstick.
5. Repeat steps 4 and 5 until you get the right fluid volume. 

Transmission Fluid Change

The first step is learning how to drain transmission fluid. Emptying the pan can be messy, but other than this, the process is beginner-friendly. You can hire a mechanic to do the dirty work or do it yourself and save labor money. Begin by following these instructions. 

How to Drain the Transmission Fluid

You must first clear the pan with the contaminated fluid. 

Things you need:

• Gloves
• Goggles
• Jack stands
• Collection pan
• Ratchet
• Rags or paper towels

If you’re ready, here are things you must do. 

1. Get the vehicle in the air and use jack stands or ramps as supports to maintain their elevation.
2. Wear your gloves and goggles for protection.
3. Once ready, slide the collection container and get under the car to locate the transmission pan.  
4. Examine it. Some models have removable plugs in the center, which you can rotate in reverse to start draining. Others have bolts around them that you need to loosen up before you can pull the pans free. Determine how to extract the used fluid.
5. When you’ve done that, place the collection receptacle below the pan.
6. Slowly remove the plug or unscrew the drain bolts using a ratchet one at a time for a controlled spill.

Get a bigger collection pan to minimize the mess on your driveway or parking area. Alternatively, you can place a large tarp under it that will prevent floor spills. Use the rags to wipe any overflows on the floor. 

How to Change the Transmission Filter

Can you change the transmission fluid without replacing the filter? Yes. You can leave it if the oil quality is good. However, a good practice is to detach the filter to check for cracks or holes that can cause leakage. If it does have even a tiny slit, swap it with a new part.

Things you need:

• Ratchet
• New transmission filter

Make sure to get an identical replacement filter. Ask an auto mechanic for advice if you don’t know what type to get. After pulling out the transmission pan, follow these steps. 

1. Use a ratchet to remove the bolt securing the filter to the car. 
2. Get the new filter and lubricate the O-rings with some grease before pushing them into the tube. 
3. Once done, attach the new filter. Line the fittings into the holes and push them in before tightening the bolt. Make sure it’s not too tight to avoid damaging the part.

After swapping the filter, the next step is to reattach the transmission pan. Before doing so, wipe it clean with a degreaser and a paper towel or clean rag. Use a ratchet to put all the bolts back. You can begin replenishing the fluid afterward.

How to Add Transmission Fluid

This process is similar to how you refill the transmission fluid.

1. Remove the dipstick.
2. Insert the long funnel.
3. Pour in the brand-new transmission oil.
4. Reinsert the dipstick and check if it’s at the right level. Generally, you need about 4-6 quarts to fill the transmission pan. However, it also depends on the make and model. Check the owner’s manual for this information.  
5. Once done, reinsert the dipstick and lock the tube.

This concludes the steps for changing the transmission fluid. You can give the car a test drive to check the gear-shifting functions. 

How Often Should You Change the Transmission Fluid?

The owner’s manual typically recommends changing the transmission fluid between 30,000 and 100,000 miles, but regular inspection will ideally tell you when it’s time for a replacement. You may need to fill up the oil regularly if you’re constantly towing in hot weather. Frequent inspection and maintenance is crucial. If you detect foul smells and warning signs before your vehicle reaches 30,000 miles, resupply the oil. 

What Happens if You Don’t Change the Transmission Fluid?

Like engine oil, transmission fluid wears out and loses its lubricating and cleaning properties. It can cause excess friction and deteriorate the internal clutches when shifting gears. It can also lead to overheating issues. Degraded lubricant loses its ability to regulate combustion heat, damaging the bearings, gears and moving parts. 

How Much Does Changing the Transmission Fluid Cost?

The average cost of changing the transmission fluid is around $150 to $200, whereas a new filter often ranges from $100 to $250. Therefore, a transmission fluid and filter change can cost between $250 to $450. You can save a few bucks if you buy the parts and do the maintenance yourself.

How Much Does it Cost to Rebuild a Transmission?

If you still experience gear issues after restocking the fluid, the problem might be with the transmission. Schedule an inspection with a mechanic to pinpoint the underlying issue. 

On average, a transmission repair can cost between $1,800 and $3,400, depending on the damage to the parts. The labor typically starts from $500 to $1,200. 

If repair is impossible, a new transmission will cost $1,800 to $3,500.

Change Your Transmission Fluid Manually at Home

Owning a car involves several maintenance obligations that can quickly burn a hole in your pocket. Learning to do simple regular checks and repairs — like changing transmission fluid — can minimize associated expenses. Fortunately, you don’t have to be an automotive expert to learn a trick or two about vehicle maintenance. Follow the above steps to change transmission fluid in the most economical way. 

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Few things put a damper on a lovely Sunday drive in the countryside like a warning ding and a new visual alert signifying car trouble. What do the dashboard lights mean? Is the situation dangerous? What should you do about it, and do you have time to stop at the store before pulling into the mechanic’s shop? 

Although they may seem intimidating at first, your car dashboard symbols and meanings are no more difficult to understand than your smartphone icons. All it takes is the inside scoop on what they mean. Follow this guide to fix that malfunction with minimum fuss and expense while saving yourself stress. 

What Lights Should You See When You Start Your Car? 

If you’re the mindful sort, you might have observed that all of your lights come on when you first start your vehicle. Others don’t even notice, and that’s perfectly okay. This momentary flick of the lights indicates that your car has performed a self-test to ensure all systems are a go. It’s when a warning light remains lit or begins flashing during transit that you need to worry. 

To diagnose what dashboard lights mean, you must first understand that warning lights come in various colors. Red is the most severe, indicating a problem that warrants immediate attention. 

Yellow lights often refer to specific road conditions that require extra caution, such as your traction control switching on in the rain. White, light blue or green lights signify no trouble at all. They simply let you know that you have employed a certain feature, such as your headlights. 

Do Electric Cars Have the Same Dashboard Lights? 

Dashboard lights are necessarily different in an electric vehicle. For one, there’s no need for a gas gauge unless you’re driving a hybrid. However, manufacturers fill that space with stats on energy consumption, battery charge and anticipated range to ensure you don’t accidentally strand yourself without juice. 

However, some lights remain similar. For example, you’ll still receive various system warnings, such as low tire pressure. You might even get a little bonus in the form of eco-friendly alerts that applaud you for environmentally sound driving behaviors. 

How to Master Your Specific Dashboard 

Your car comes with an owner’s manual regardless of whether it is a traditional gas engine, EV or hybrid. Most folks toss it in their glove box and forget it. Do better — take it out and study that puppy. Better yet, take the time to review it with the sales associate before you buy. They can advise you on what the various symbols mean and what actions to take when they appear. 

A Car’s Driver Is It’s Most Important Safety Feature 

According to a recent study by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, a staggering 94% of automobile accidents result from human error. Although mechanical problems contribute, especially among those with limited income to maintain their vehicles, it pales in comparison to distracted driving or driving while sleepy, enraged or under the influence of drugs or alcohol. 

What does this mean for you when your dashboard lights come on? Your first order of business is to remain calm. Panic promotes irrational and impulsive behaviors that increase your accident chances. If a dashboard light appears, take a deep breath, observe the traffic around you and move to the shoulder or another location where it’s safe to pull over and park. 

Know yourself. If you lack mechanical savvy and have little desire to learn, invest in roadside assistance through your insurance carrier or opt for a third-party service like AAA. However, you might be able to troubleshoot what that dashboard light means by referring to this guide. 

13 Dashboard Lights and What They Mean 

Here’s what to do when you see one of these symbols appear on your dashboard. 

1. Check Engine Light 

This little guy may inspire more panic than any other, but it can often result from little more than failing to twist your gas cap all the way after filling up. Other check engine light meanings include: 

• Faulty catalytic converter
• Faulty mass air flow sensor 
• Aging spark plugs
• Faulty oxygen sensor
• Faulty ignition coil 
• Overheating 
• Vacuum leak 
• Oil pressure 
• Ignition system trouble 

It’s quite an extensive list. To pinpoint the precise problem, you’ll need a special computer that hooks to your car’s OBD-II port. You might know where this port is if you use an insurance carrier that rewards you for good driving — it’s typically located below the steering wheel near the driver’s side door. Your mechanic will have one, as do auto parts stores such as O’Reilly and AutoZone. You can purchase one for personal use or borrow theirs to troubleshoot and buy the parts you need for repair. 

2. Oil Light 

Your oil light is a serious signal that should inspire you to take rapid action if you value the life of your motor vehicle. Lack of lubrication causes friction that can seize up your engine, necessitating expensive repairs. It appears when oil pressure gets too low, or the existing oil becomes too broken down and contaminated to function properly. 

Please avoid driving when your oil light comes on. Your quick fix is to add more oil, which is why keeping some in your trunk at all times is a wise idea. Step two is to get your vehicle to the shop for an oil change. 

You can also change your oil at home, and while going to a shop is quicker and easier, it’s worth doing it yourself once or twice to get to know your car. The most dangerous aspect is properly elevating the vehicle to let you climb under it safely. Thin people with lifted rides might skip the jack, but otherwise, ensure you engage the parking brake and use chocks to keep the vehicle stationary while you work. 

When changing your oil at home, ensure you take proper steps to dispose of the used motor oil. While it’s illegal to dump it down the drain or into the wild, bringing it to an approved recycling facility lets manufacturers refine it for new use. Some mechanics shops offer oil recycling, albeit usually to regular customers, but you can also check with your local waste disposal service for disposal alternatives. 

3. Transmission Light 

Your transmission system warning light looks like a gear with an exclamation mark in the center. It may contain the words “at oil temp.” It indicates that your transmission fluid is overheating, which can happen when you have low fluids, high mileage and worn components. Those who have made this mistake when hauling an RV know it can also result from towing a too heavy load. 

When this light appears, pull over as soon as it is safe to do so. You should wait an hour or more before working on overheated engine components. Check your fluid levels, which may correct the problem. However, if damaged parts create the issue, you may have no choice but to repair or rebuild the transmission. It can cost a pretty penny and typically requires more specialized equipment than hobbyist DIYers keep in their home garages. 

4. Indicator Light 

This dashboard light looks super scary, but it’s surprisingly not a sign of immediate danger. However, it does increase your risk of an accident or receiving a ticket if pulled over. Your indicator light signifies that you have a light out somewhere, which can spell trouble if it’s a headlight or taillight that needs attention. 

The solution to this dashboard light is to locate the dead bulb and replace it. Plugging a computer into your car’s OBD-II port facilitates troubleshooting. 

5. Car With Squiggly Lines Light 

You might think that the car with squiggly lines dashboard light signifies a winding road ahead, which may or may not be true. What’s certain is that your car’s stability control system detects wheel slippage, problems or malfunctions. 

In general, the only action you need to take when this dashboard light appears is to slow down and drive more carefully, given wet or slick conditions. However, if it frequently lights up, and you live in Phoenix, AZ, not Seattle, WA, you should consult your mechanic. It may indicate a problem with your car’s traction system or an electrical issue causing the light to malfunction. 

6. Exclamation Point on Dash 

Any time an exclamation point appears within or next to another dashboard light, it indicates a fault in the system. For example, your tires should hold between 32 and 35 psi to perform at their best. An exclamation point inside two curved brackets with a rough bottom indicates that your tire pressure is low and you risk a flat. 

An exclamation point next to a steering wheel indicates a fault with your power steering system. Although you may technically be able to drive your vehicle, turning it transforms from a simple act to one requiring Herculean strength. Your ability to maneuver quickly avoids accidents, so get to the shop for repairs without delay. You may need to call for a tow, depending on how far you must travel. 

7. Part Time Light 

Once upon a time, switching to 4-wheel drive meant physically exiting your vehicle and locking your tires. Now, you can do so from inside your ride, but engaging temporary 4-wheel drive may cause a “part time” light to appear on your dash. It doesn’t mean your vehicle is in need of parts — it’s simply a reminder that you should switch back to 2-wheel drive before getting on the highway to avoid damaging your transmission. 

8. Fog Light 

Here’s a light that shouldn’t evoke any alarm when it appears on your dashboard. While your fog lights can drain your battery if left on when you turn off your car, the worst that can happen is you’ll later turn the key, and nothing will happen — which is bad if you’re running late for an appointment but not inherently dangerous. This dashboard light is simply a reminder to flick that switch before exiting your ride lest you strand your future self. 

9. Coolant Level Light 

If a drowning thermometer lights up on your dashboard, however, it’s time to take serious action. This light indicates that you are getting low on coolant, which puts you at risk of overheating. Your best course of action is to pull over, wait a sufficient time for the engine to cool and add more antifreeze. Water will do in an emergency but may contain impurities that damage your engine. 

Additionally, you should flush and replace your coolant every 30,000 miles or so or per your manufacturer’s instructions. As with changing your oil, it’s generally easier and just as cost-effective to take it to the shop — but getting your DIY groove on a time or two familiarizes you with your vehicle and gives you a sense of confidence in regards to auto mechanics. Go for it. 

10. ABS Sensor Light 

Your brakes are another area of your car you shouldn’t play with, so get to the shop if this light comes on. ABS stands for antilock braking system, which enhances your control on slick surfaces and replaces the old-fashioned need to pump your brakes when going into a skid. 

What’s dangerous about this dashboard light is that some people ignore it if their brakes otherwise work fine. However, many things can cause the system to malfunction, and getting to a shop is the only way to ensure that you can stop your vehicle quickly when necessary to avoid accidents. 

11. Airbag Warning Light 

If a light depicting a seated person with a circle above it appears, it indicates that there is a problem with the supplemental restraint system. Although it isn’t illegal to drive without airbags — they only came into popular use 50 years ago — doing so increases your risk of serious injury in an accident. 

Please note that your airbag warning light may not appear on your dashboard. For example, some models of 4WD vehicles intended for off-road use, like Jeeps, have them near the gear shift box, enabling drivers to manually disengage them when traversing bumpy roads to avoid accidental deployment. 

12. Battery Light 

Your battery light means something slightly different if you drive an electric vehicle. Such models often have various indicators to tell you how much charge remains and how far you can go before you need to plug in. However, on standard gas-powered vehicles, this icon indicates an issue with your battery or charging system. 

While it’s rare to lose power in transit as your engine keeps things moving, you could find yourself in need of a jump if you fail to address the issue. Often, a new battery is all you need, but worn cables, corrosion around the terminals or alternator issues could also prompt this light to appear. 

13. Low Fuel Light 

Here’s a dashboard light that nearly everyone recognizes. You probably also know what to do — get thee to the nearest gas station and fuel up. 

Special Note on Clearing Dashboard Lights 

Here’s another reason to invest in a computer for your OBD-II ports if you prefer to DIY rather than take your car to the shop. In general, dashboard lights disappear once you address the underlying cause that made them appear in the first place. However, it isn’t always automatic. Some models require you to clear the issue via this port manually — the check engine light is a notorious example. 

Clearing the issue should extinguish any remaining unwanted dashboard lights. However, pay attention if they reappear and seek help from a professional mechanic who specializes in your model to determine what further repairs you need. 

What Your Dashboard Lights Mean 

Seeing a new alert on your car isn’t fun. However, it’s cause for alarm, not panic. Understanding what your dashboard lights mean gives you peace of mind on the road. 

Print out this copy of car dashboard symbols and meanings to keep in your glove box. Let it be your handy guide to what to do when a strange, new dashboard light appears. 

Icons courtesy of Vecteezy.com

The post What Do Your Dashboard Lights Mean?  appeared first on Modded.

Regular maintenance, such as checking oil levels or changing your engine coolant, not only helps your vehicle last longer and perform better, but it also provides peace of mind when you’re on the road. You know, for the most part, your car will not break down. Consistent maintenance also helps prevent major issues that could ruin your trip(s), like overheating, head gasket leaks, and much more.

Some may not know that the coolant system needs maintenance, including filling the fluids, sometimes changing, and flushing to remove contaminants that have built up inside. It is called a radiator flush. Moreover, the coolant levels need to be checked, not unlike oil, to make sure there are no serious leaks. So, knowing how to change your engine coolant, check coolant levels, and flush the system are critical skills. This informative guide is going to walk you through all of that. Let’s get started.

What Does Engine Coolant Do?

But first, a primer on engine coolant and the radiator. Exactly what does coolant do?

Engine coolant is a liquid added to the coolant system. It cycles through the radiator to prevent engine damage from freezing or boiling temperatures. Because the engine produces lots of heat while running, the liquid effectively transfers it away, keeping everything from overheating.

In cold climates, it’s designed not to freeze inside the engine while also protecting its components. That’s why it’s important to use the right type of coolant for your vehicle, but also the right type of coolant for the season and local conditions. Coolant will typically come in one of three types: Inorganic Additive Technology (IAT), Organic Acid Technology (OAT) and Hybrid Organic Acid Technology (HOAT). In most cases, a quick search online will tell you which is needed for your make and model.

While today’s advanced vehicles can sometimes go decades or longer without needing a coolant change, that’s not always the case. It’s still essential to check coolant levels to ensure there are no leaks and ensure you have the proper coolant in your vehicle. It’s also great to know how to change your engine coolant or check the levels in case of a problem.

Changing the fuel, oil, and air filters, rotating the tires, changing brake pads, monitoring the radiator and checking coolant levels are some of the most critical car maintenance items to consider.

Why Checking Your Coolant Matters

Your car’s cooling system is integral to normal operation, and the radiator and engine coolant play a big part. Combustion engines create energy by burning fuel, with combustion temperatures ranging from 2,000 degrees Fahrenheit to 4,500 degrees Fahrenheit. Engine coolant helps keep those temperatures regulated. 

Your vehicle may overheat without enough coolant to transfer some of the heat away from the engine. Worse yet, that can eventually damage some of the engine’s components, leading to significant malfunctions later. There are a few reasons your car’s engine might overheat, but one of the more common causes is low coolant or a lack thereof.

A leak is also a problem, as eventually, enough coolant will not be left in the system. However, it can also be a source of contamination, dirtying the coolant fluid or making it less effective over time. Common signs of a leak include fluid puddles under your car, low coolant levels observed, an overheating engine, and a sweet smell around your vehicle. The only way to recognize these problems — before they create a massive headache — is to regularly check your coolant levels to ensure there’s enough in the system. While doing this, you can also check the coolant fluid’s color, which will give you some indication of your coolant system and radiator’s health.

How to Check Coolant Levels

From here on out, you’ll need a dedicated workspace, which means you might need to create one. The garage or driveway is a great choice, but you’ll need plenty of room and a safe, open area where nothing can get in your way. The good news is that once you have a spot, you can also use it for oil changes and other DIY car maintenance tasks.

Safety Tip: Don’t check your coolant levels while the engine is on, and if the car has been driven recently, let it cool off before you pop the hood.

1. Open the hood of your vehicle and identify the coolant reservoir. It’s a dedicated tank for checking coolant levels and refilling. Usually, it’s made of clear or white plastic.
2. Carefully remove the cap from the reservoir and ensure it’s full of coolant. Coolant fluid comes in various colors, such as blue, red, green, or even yellow. Don’t be alarmed by the color itself.
3. Inspect the fluid for discoloration. If you notice small particles, rusty residue, oils or sludge, it’s a sign that there may be a leak somewhere. If the coolant is colorless, that’s also a problem, and you’ll want to have your vehicle inspected by a mechanic.
4. It’s okay if the coolant needs to be topped up a little. However, if fluid levels are extremely low, you have a leak. That needs to be repaired before you take any extended road trips. Optionally, you can also use a device called a “Coolant Tester” to assess the quality of the coolant in your system.

How to Put Coolant in Cars

Provided there are no major leaks, you can simply fill your vehicle’s coolant reservoir. While some older cars do not have a reservoir, it’s not common enough to be a problem.

It’s important to note that you cannot put pure, undiluted coolant fluid into the system. You must make a mixture of 50/50 concentrated coolant and distilled water or buy a diluted coolant solution from an auto store. Most modern forms of coolant come ready to use and are already mixed.

It is also important not to mix different types of coolant by putting more than one type in your vehicle’s system. If you change coolant fluid types, you must first flush out the system — which is precisely why we’re explaining how to flush coolant in this guide.

How to Change Engine Coolant

It depends on who you talk to, but most auto manufacturers recommend changing the coolant every 30,000 miles or so. Others, like Chevrolet, recommend flushing and changing at 150,000 miles.

You’ll first need to flush out the system to change the type of coolant fluid in your vehicle, such as going from a high-temperature solution to one meant for cold climates. The only exception is if you’re adding more of the same fluid.

1. If the vehicle was recently used, turn off the engine and allow it time to cool down. When it’s ready, open the hood.
2. Jack up the car and make sure it’s secure — so it won’t roll or fall.
3. Locate the radiator and look for the radiator drain or petcock. It’s usually positioned on the low part of the radiator and held in place with a single screw.
4. Position a large drain pan or bucket below the area and allow it to drain.

If your vehicle does not have a radiator drain, you’ll simply need to loosen and open a connected hose like the auxiliary coolant pump line. It will likely be messy and may take longer to drain.

With the old coolant drained, now’s a great time to flush out the system and clean it.

How to Flush Coolant Systems the Right Way

There are cleaning chemicals and mixtures you can purportedly use to flush out the coolant system, but your best choice will always be distilled water since that’s what you mix coolant with anyway.

If you opened a line or the radiator drain in the previous step, close everything back up before moving on with the flush. 

1. Fill the system with distilled water and nothing else by pouring it into the reservoir. 
2. Wait a minute or two, then start the car and let it run for a few minutes. That will allow the engine to heat up, open the thermostat, and cycle the distilled water through the system.
3. Turn off the engine and let the car cool down.
4. Once the engine is cool, you can drain the distilled water like you drained the coolant in the previous step. Open the radiator drain or use a hose if there isn’t a drain.

Pay attention to the water that drains out of the system. At first, it might have some color, but if it’s persistent throughout, you may need to do another flush. You’re good to go if you see clear water coming out. You can repeat the coolant flushing process as often as needed.

What Does It Mean to Bleed a Coolant System?

Bleeding or “burping” a system is necessary to remove air bubbles from a liquid or oil-based solution. For example, you may also need to bleed the brake lines when you change or adjust brake pads. Air bubbles in the coolant line can reduce efficiency, causing more overheating or component damage and may even result in catalyzed engine wear.

After flushing the coolant system, you should also make a habit of bleeding it.

How to Bleed Coolant Systems: Remove Air from the Lines

1. With the car still jacked up, remove the radiator cap on top of the radiator. If there’s an overflow tank, remove the cap from that tank instead.
2. OPTIONAL: If you have a newer vehicle, locate the bleeding valve on the radiator. This is optional because not all cars have one. It looks like a small screw protruding out. Open the valve before adding coolant by loosening it. You may hear air escape before coolant leaks out.
3. Using a funnel that fits perfectly inside the cap hole — you may need an adapter to create a tight seal — slowly pour coolant into the system. You want to add about two to three liters per minute, enough to cycle the coolant and create a flow but steady enough so you’re not adding more air bubbles.
4. Pour until the coolant level reaches the ‘full’ mark on the inside of the tank, if using the overflow tank, or until it brims at the top of the radiator. Leave the funnel and seal in place. If you’re using the bleeding valve method when you see pure coolant leaking out and no air, you can close the valve.
5. Clear the engine, turn on the car and crank the AC to full heat. This will open up the heater core, and you can rev the engine a little to speed up the process.
6. As the engine heats, bubbles may appear or “burp” out of the funnel. You want this, and the process is bleeding out the air.
7. The coolant may rise or fall. This is okay. However, if the coolant in the reservoir drops below the “full” mark, add more and continue bleeding.
8. Turn off the engine and let it cool down. The coolant level may drop as it cools. You can top up with more, but be careful not to overfill.
9. Remove the funnel and close up the tank(s) or system when finished.

That’s it! You’ve bled the air bubbles out of your radiator and coolant system.

How to Change Engine Coolant: Refilling the System

If you followed the steps to flush out your system and bleed the air bubbles, your coolant should have already been replaced. If not, the best way to refill and refresh coolant is to simply pour it slowly into the main reservoir or tank.

Remember, you must use the same coolant, and you should never mix different types together and add them to the system. Just the standard 50/50 mixture with distilled water and concentrated coolant will do.

Take It for a Drive!

Now that you’ve learned how to change your engine coolant and done the maintenance, it’s time to enjoy the fruits of your labor. Start up the car and take it for a nice drive. As a reward for your hard-earned time, get yourself a cold beverage or some ice cream.

Remember, just like the oil, windshield washer fluid, and other fluids in your vehicle, you should check the coolant levels from time to time. This is to help spot a leak early before it causes damage and ensure there’s enough coolant in the system to keep it running optimally. You can also quickly check for residues, sludge, and other contaminants that might have made it into the coolant from a leak.

Regularly scheduled maintenance is the way to go, helping you catch potential problems before they become a major hindrance. This is especially important if it’s your primary vehicle, as you want to keep it running for years to come.

Not sure that coolant is really your issue? At Modded, we’ve got you covered. Check out our list of common car engine problems (and how to solve them) or go beyond the engine with our list of DIY car repairs anyone can take on.

The post How to Change Your Engine Coolant appeared first on Modded.

Summer is coming and the beautiful weather means more and more people will be out on the roads. Occasionally, though, the high temperatures also mean your engine will start overheating while you’re driving down the road or sitting in traffic. What should you do when your engine overheats? What about if your engine starts smoking?

First, What Not to Do

We’ll cover what you should do in a minute. First, here are a few things you shouldn’t do in the event your car starts overheating or smoking:

1. Don’t panic. Get to the side of the road or a safe spot quickly, but don’t rush or put yourself or other drivers in danger.
2. Don’t try to open your radiator cap. The pressure that builds up inside your cooling system should make the cap difficult to open, not to mention hot, and if you do open it, it can also throw boiling coolant all over you, resulting in severe burns.

How long does it take for a radiator to cool? Usually, waiting an hour or two is sufficient. However, you might need to give your vehicle additional time if you breakdown in the middle of the desert at high noon — as much as three to five hours. 

Now that we’ve got that out of the way, let’s move on to what you need to do if your engine overheats.

What Causes Engines to Overheat?

Engines overheat for a number of reasons — problems with the thermostat, a faulty water pump, failure of a radiator fan, or a clogged radiator, and that’s just to name a few. Your engine maintains a lower operating temperature by the cooling system, which includes hoses, a radiator, a thermostat and various sensors that report to the engine control module, the computer under your hood. Any failure in any one of these things could cause the engine to overheat. Let’s take a closer look at three of the more common causes of cooling system failure.

1. Failed Thermostat

The thermostat is a simple switch that reacts to heat. When the engine is cold, it remains closed keeping the coolant in the engine. As the engine heats up, the thermostat opens and allows the coolant to flow into the radiator. If the thermostat is stuck closed, it can cause your engine to overheat because the refrigerant is trapped in the engine.

Swapping out a thermostat is pretty easy. Just remove the upper radiator hose, remove the thermostat housing, replace the thermostat and the gasket that sits between the housing and the engine block and replace the housing and hose. Thermostats, in most cases, will cost you less than $20.

2. Lack of Coolant

While your engine is cold, take a look at your coolant reservoir. If you don’t have enough coolant in your engine, it will overheat because there isn’t enough liquid to carry the heat away from the combustion chamber. The source of the leak might be obvious — especially if you’ve found puddles of antifreeze under your car as it cools — or it might be internal. If there are no apparent leaks, check your oil. White or milky oil is a sign that you’ve blown your head gasket and the coolant is leaking into your engine oil.

If there are no detectable leaks, you have enough coolant in your radiator and the engine is still overheating, you can also try including a coolant additive the next time you fill up your radiator. These lower the running temperature of your coolant, making your engine run up to 10 degrees cooler, preventing overheating.

3. Internal Clogs

Just because your radiator looks okay on the outside doesn’t mean the coolant is flowing freely. If the coolant can’t move, it’s going to continue to pull in heat until it can flash-boil inside your engine, doing damage to the cooling system and venting all your antifreeze.

Clogs can be small or large and can appear anywhere in the cooling system. The most common clogs are found in the radiator, as well as in the hoses that move the fluid too and from the engine block. This problem can be an easy fix. In many cases, all you need to do is flush out your cooling system with a regular garden hose. Radiator flush can also help because it adheres to the particles that can gather together and create clogs.

What to Look for When Your Engine’s Overheating

Newer cars are designed to shut off to protect your engine in the event it overheats, which can leave you stranded in the middle of the road if you’re not careful.

Here are a few things you can look at if your engine starts overheating:

• Are there any obvious leaks, either in the radiator, the hoses or the seals?
• Water level. Once your engine cools and the coolant returns to the reservoir, is it at the proper level?
• Locate your water pump with the engine running. Is the pully spinning freely? Is the belt spinning the pully properly or is it slipping?
• Are your radiator fans spinning? If the engine is overheating, the fans should be spinning to try to cool the engine.

If a quick inspection of the engine doesn’t yield any information, the problem may be harder to determine and might take a trip to your local garage.

Could You Have a Bad Radiator? 

Engine overheating often occurs from radiator trouble. Fortunately, this repair is relatively easy to DIY on many older vehicles, although newer models may require a trip to the shop. Mechanics need specialized equipment to work on some engines, which few laypeople have in their garage. Signs it may be time for a new radiator include the following: 

• Frequent engine overheating
• Coolant leaking beneath your vehicle 
• Difficulty shifting
• Fluid discoloration 

Sometimes, you can get away with simply swapping out the cap, which you can pick up for a few bucks at your local auto parts store. However, continuing to drive with an inefficient cooling system can lead to severe engine trouble, so please don’t ignore a trip to the shop if DIY fixes fail to address the problem. 

Smoking Engines

If you notice smoke coming from under your hood, it’s safe to say it’s something that you should get checked out. Old seals, worn piston rings and a variety of other issues can cause smoking from under the hood of your car or from the tailpipe.

One issue that requires an immediate trip to the garage is a leak in your fuel line. Gasoline is a highly flammable substance, and a single spark could cause that stuff to ignite. If it’s sprayed around your car’s engine, a fire could erupt and burn to an impressive size or explode — if this occurs, immediately pull over, exit the vehicle and get clear.

Is a Smoking Engine Always Dangerous? 

Typically, a smoking car engine warrants a trip to the garage. However, it may not spark immediate panic — or fire risk. How can you tell? Look at the smoke color. 

Black smoke causes the most concern — it means there is raw fuel somewhere there shouldn’t be. You’re better off calling a tow truck. However, white, gray or bluish smoke usually indicates you can make it to the garage. 

• White smoke indicates a coolant leak from a faulty gasket or lines. It’s usually wispy and looks like steam and has a sweet, pungent odor. 
• Blue smoke denotes that your engine is burning oil. The issue might be leaky valves, worn piston rings or a plugged PVC valve. A common cause is overfilling the crank case — did you recently change or top off your oil? Have you gone too long between changes? 
• Gray smoke pouring from your tailpipe signifies transmission fluid leaking into the intake manifold. 

Changes In Modern Engine Technology

There’s a bright and dark side to today’s technology. First, the good news. Nearly every car on the market today comes equipped with an ODB-11 port that allows you to connect a computer to quickly detect the cause of your car’s overheating.

The best part? They have these nifty gadgets at nearly every O’Reilly or other major car repair retailer such as Napa. You can stop in and ask an associate to diagnose your issue — it may be something you can handle with a few products from their store.

Now the bad news. Today’s engines also contain different components and are often constructed in a way that makes DIY difficult, if not impossible. Although some states have implemented right-to-repair laws, some argue that sharing vehicle data makes it too available for hackers, raising safety concerns. While the battle continues to allow consumers to access all the mechanical data created by their cars to let them diagnose, maintain and repair their rides independently, you may have no choice in the meantime than to visit an authorized dealer and pay their prices.

Can’t Make It to the Garage?

If you’re unable to make it to the garage, there are a few products you can use to reduce leaks, improve engine performance and help make your car run a little smoother. Bar’s Leaks, for example, provides a troubleshooting guide to help you find the perfect product to suit your needs.

This walks you through your problem and shows a variety of products to seal, clean and even repair almost every system in your car. You don’t need to be a car expert to utilize these tools to keep your car running smoothly.

An overheating or smoking engine doesn’t have to signal the end of your road trip. Just keep this information in mind, don’t panic, and be prepared for anything.

Originally posted 5/2/2016 – Last updated 5/1/2024

The post What to Do When Your Engine Overheats appeared first on Modded.

Car scams are more common than you might think. It affects thousands of car buyers every year. Scammers have devised various methods to trick unsuspecting buyers, whether tampered odometers or deceptive online listings.

Being well-informed about these scams is your best defense. Knowing what to look out for helps you avoid falling victim and empowers you to make smarter, safer purchasing decisions. Stay alert and educate yourself on the latest scamming techniques to protect your investment and ensure a legitimate and satisfactory car buying experience.

Common Types of Car Scams

Here are some of the most common car scams you might encounter when looking to buy a vehicle. Understanding these can help you spot red flags early and avoid fraudulent deals.

Odometer Fraud

Scammers often roll back a vehicle’s odometer to falsely lower its mileage and make it appear less used and more valuable. This deceptive practice can inflate the car’s sales price. It dupes you into paying more for a vehicle that’s potentially endured much more wear and tear than you think.

Shockingly, over 2.1 million vehicles on the road today have rolled-back odometers. So, when you’re checking out a used car, it’s crucial to compare the odometer reader with the general condition of the vehicle and service records to ensure everything adds up.

Title Washing

Fraudsters often use “title washing” to disguise the troubled pasts of vehicles by eliminating any record of a salvage title. This document indicates that a car has sustained significant damage. It’s typically from an accident or natural disaster and was deemed a total loss by an insurance company.

By manipulating or falsifying documents, scammers can re-register these cars in states with lax regulations to obtain a clean title. It makes the vehicle appear undamaged and more valuable to unsuspecting buyers like you. Always insist on a vehicle history report and consider an inspection by a trusted mechanic to uncover any hidden issues.

Online Sales Scams

Beware of fake listings and sellers who demand deposits without intending to deliver the vehicle. This common online scam involves creating attractive but fraudulent ads for cars at prices that seem too good to miss. Once you show interest, the scammer pressures you to make a quick deposit to secure the deal.

They often require untraceable payment methods like wire transfers or digital currencies. Unfortunately, once you send the deposit, the seller vanishes, and the car you thought you were buying doesn’t exist. Always verify the legitimacy of the listing and the seller before making any payments. Likewise, meet in person and see the vehicle before money changes hands.

Spot Delivery Scam

In recent years, the popularity of used vehicles has increased, as evidenced by over 38 million used cars sold in the U.S. in 2022. When purchasing a second-hand vehicle, you might encounter the spot delivery scam known as yo-yo financing.

In this scenario, dealers let you take possession of a car under the initial assumption that your financing is approved, giving you the keys to drive off the lot. However, they might contact you days or weeks later, claiming the financing went through.

At this point, they demand either that you return the vehicle or accept new, often less favorable financing terms that may include higher fees or interest rates. Ensure both parties fully approve and document the financing terms before taking possession of the car. Be wary of any dealer who rushes you to take a car home before you confirm the financing.

How Scammers Execute These Frauds

Perpetrators often create a sense of urgency and pressure to rush your decisions, making it harder for you to spot red flags or think critically about the transaction. They might claim that other buyers are interested and you must act quickly to secure the deal.

Additionally, these fraudsters may forge or alter documents — such as service histories or ownership papers — to deceive you into believing the car is in better condition or has a cleaner history than it does.

They also exploit online platforms and digital tools to craft sophisticated and legitimate-looking ads or profiles. For example, 25% of car fraud victims in 2021 reported their troubles began on social media. Always take the time to review every detail and verify the authenticity of the information and documents before making any commitments.

Red Flags to Watch Out For

Be cautious of the lure of significantly low prices, as they can often be a sign of a scam. Sellers who pressure you for quick sales and discourage proper inspections typically try to hide something. Always insist on having a trusted mechanic inspect the vehicle before making decisions.

Additionally, be wary of payment requests via wire transfer or cryptocurrencies. 

Scammers prefer these methods because they’re hard to trace and nearly impossible to recover. Always opt for more secure and traceable payment methods to protect yourself from potential fraud.

Preventative Measures You Can Take

It’s crucial to obtain a detailed vehicle history report from a reliable source before finalizing any car purchase. This report provides a comprehensive overview of the car’s accident and damage history, helping you make an informed decision.

Additionally, arranging for an independent mechanic to inspect the car can uncover potential issues that aren’t obvious at first glance. Always use secure and traceable payment methods when it’s time to pay. These steps protect your investment and ensure you’re fully aware of the car’s condition before you commit to buying.

What to Do if You Fall Victim to Car Scams

If you fall victim to a car scam, taking immediate action can help you manage the situation more effectively:

• Contact local police: Report car scams by visiting your local police station. Provide all relevant details and documentation to file a report.
• Reach out to the Federal Trade Commission (FTC): File a complaint online at the FTC’s Complaint Assistant website or call their toll-free number.
• Stop transactions and recover funds: Contact your bank or payment service immediately to inform them of the fraudulent activity. Depending on the timing and method of payment, they can stop the transaction or initiate a chargeback.
• Report the scam on the platform: Suppose the fraud occurred through an online marketplace or social media. Report the scam directly on the platform. Provide all evidence and details to help them take action against the scammer and alert other users.

These steps can help mitigate the damage and increase your chances of recovering your funds or stopping further fraudulent activities.

Share the Knowledge with Friends and Family

Don’t keep this valuable information to yourself. Share it with your friends and family to help them stay protected against car scams. Spreading awareness can save someone you care about from these deceptive practices.

The post How Car Scams Trick You and What You Can Do appeared first on Modded.

We’ve all been there before. You get in your car and turn the key, but nothing happens. As an experienced driver and car owner, you know to reach for your jumper cables to get your engine running again. But what do you do if your car won’t start with a jump?

Why Your Car Won’t Start With a Jump

There are many possible reasons your car won’t start with a jump, and some are easier to fix than others. Here are some of the most common causes to help you understand what’s going on with your engine.

Improper Jumping

The most straightforward reason your car may not jump-start is user error. Mistakes are easy to make and even easier to miss. You or another driver might’ve placed the clamps on the wrong terminals. Alternatively, a clamp may be on the negative terminal of the dead battery instead of another metal surface.

Sometimes, it may take a few tries for a jump-start to work, so you may only need to give it another go. The jumper cables you should keep in your car may also have an issue, like faulty wiring or corroded clamps, which could stop them from working properly.

Dead Battery

A dead battery is another common reason a car won’t start with a jump. While a jump-start can bring a nearly dead battery back to life, it needs a little juice left to work. Batteries also have a limited life span, which factors like extreme cold can shorten, so this is a fairly common problem.

Other battery problems can stop a jump-start from working, too. The battery terminals may be corroded, which will render your jumper cables useless even if there’s still enough left in the battery for a jump. Alternatively, the terminals or other connections could be loose.

Alternator Issues

If it’s not a battery problem, it could be something with your alternator. The alternator recharges your battery to make up for the energy you lose starting your car and running the electronics without the engine on. If it’s not working, your battery may not get the power it needs to start your car, even with a jump.

Alternators normally last longer than batteries, but they’ll still degrade over time. You can normally expect them to last between around six to 10 years or roughly 80,000 to 150,000 miles.

Bad Starter

Your car’s starter is another component that can stop it from jump-starting. The starter is a small gear that initially cranks your engine before it can start running on its own power. It also requires a lot of electricity to work, which is why your battery may have enough juice for your lights but not to start your car.

If your starter isn’t working properly, your car won’t start regardless of how much power your battery has. These issues aren’t as common as battery or alternator problems, but they can still happen.

Safety Switch Failure

If you, like 97% of American drivers, drive an automatic, a faulty safety switch could be why your car won’t jump-start. This switch keeps your vehicle from starting if it’s not in park or neutral. Consequently, if it’s broken, your car may think it’s in another gear, stopping it from starting even if everything else is working.

Fuel Pump Failure

Without fuel, the engine won’t start. If the fuel pump fails and the gasoline can’t make it from the tank to the engine, the car won’t start, and jumper cables won’t make any difference. 

What Causes Batteries to Die?

The average car battery will last between three and five years under the hood. Other than age, what causes batteries to stop functioning and leave you stranded?

Deep or Frequent Discharges

Automotive batteries can discharge now and then, but running them empty and recharging them will shorten their lifespan. 

Extreme Heat

Lead-acid automotive batteries use a diluted acid as their electrolyte. Exposure to excessive heat can cause the water to evaporate, which will weaken its charge and can cause the lead plates to rust as the acid gets replaced with oxygen. 

Extreme Cold

Automotive batteries lose much of their starting power when they get cold. Once it gets to 0 F, it can lose up to 50% of its power. Exposure to cold weather can also decrease the lifespan of the battery.

Excessive Vibration

Automotive batteries can withstand some vibration, but they can handle only so much. Too much vibration can cause the cell connectors to break apart, interrupting the circuit and causing it to stop charging. 

Fast Charging

Waiting for a discharged battery might take a while, but running a fast charger too frequently can damage the internal components and shorten the battery’s lifespan.

Overcharging

The very best outcome from overcharging is just a dead battery. The other potential side effects can be downright dangerous. Overcharging your battery can boil the acid electrolyte mixture. The heat causes the water to evaporate and, in extreme cases, can even melt or warp the battery case. 

Testing Your Battery

There are two different ways to test your battery. The first requires a multimeter, which you may already have in your garage. The second requires a load tester. If you don’t have one of these, you may be able to get your local auto parts store to test your battery for you. 

For the first test, set your multimeter to volts and touch the sensors to the positive and negative terminals of the battery. You should see a reading of 12.6 volts in a properly charged battery. Anything lower than that could indicate a problem. If you drop below 12 volts, the chances are pretty high that the battery won’t start the car. Once the vehicle starts, the multimeter reading should be between 14.4-14.6 volts if the alternator is functioning properly. 

The second test puts the battery under a load to simulate when the car starts. From the 12.6 volt baseline, your battery shouldn’t drop below 12 volts when placed under a load. Even if the battery starts the vehicle, a low reading could indicate a dead or dying cell and might tell you that the battery needs replacement. 

What to Do if Your Car Won’t Start With a Jump

Now that you know what may keep your car from starting, it’ll be easier to find the solution. If your car won’t start with a jump, here’s what you can do.

Make Sure You’re Jumping It Correctly

First, make sure you’ve set the jumper cables up correctly before assuming it won’t jump-start. Check that both cars are in park or neutral, the positive terminals are connected and you’ve joined the negative terminal on the good battery to a non-battery piece of metal on the dead car.

Let the working car run for a few minutes before trying to start the dead one. You may also have to try jumping a few times before it works.

Troubleshoot Common Issues

If you’ve followed all the steps correctly and it’s still not working, check your jumper cables for corrosion or other damage. Next, look at the dead car’s battery to see if there’s any corrosion on the terminals. If there is, try cleaning it off before jumping it again.

If you hear any clicking or grinding when you try to start your car, it’s likely a problem with the starter. If you’ve noticed other problems with the electronics in your vehicle beforehand, it’s probably the battery or alternator.

Take It to a Mechanic

If you can’t get it started, it’s time to turn to the professionals. You may need a new battery, alternator, starter or other parts. Write down any issues you’ve noticed, like unusual noises or flashing lights, as these will help your mechanic narrow down the problem.

You can start your car without jumper cables a few different ways, which will help you get going so you can drive to a repair shop. If that doesn’t work, call for a tow to take it to a garage.

Keep an Eye Out for These Issues

It can be frustrating when your car won’t start with a jump. But if you know what could cause it, you can address the situation calmly and effectively. It may take some work, but you’ll get your engine running the way it should again.

Originally posted 2/16/13 – Updated 3/20/24

The post Car Won’t Start With a Jump? Here’s What It Could Be appeared first on Modded.

Your car turns on and off and takes you where you need to go daily. This machine is intricate, with thousands of parts working together. Unfortunately, one slip-up can send you to the mechanic. One problem you may run into is an issue with your alternator. The cost of a car alternator can be hefty, so diagnosing and fixing the problem is essential. Here’s the ultimate guide to car alternators.

What Is the Car Alternator? 

All cars, except some hybrid vehicles, have an internal combustion engine. In other words, they generate power by burning oil or fuel.

The alternator is vital to your car because it electrically charges your battery and keeps the vehicle’s electrical system operating smoothly. Alternators and batteries work together like LeBron James and Dwyane Wade in Miami, with a regulator (Chris Bosh) to accompany them. The alternator spins, and the regulation device confirms the battery receives a steady power flow and stays charged. 

What else does the alternator do in a car? That’s pretty much it! The alternator specifically maintains the electrical components of your vehicle. Your alternator is why your dashboard, radio, air conditioner and other parts function correctly.  

Where Is the Car Alternator? 

The alternator is one of the many parts you’ll find under the hood where your engine is. In fact, most manufacturers mount the alternator onto the engine. Alternators spin because of attached belts, producing electricity when in motion. The battery captures this energy and stores it for your vehicle. Alternators look like small cylinders, with some comparing their appearance to a box fan your parents and grandparents used (or still use to this day).

Unfortunately, car alternators are fallible like the other parts in your car. Therefore, it’s essential to know what these problems entail and how to differentiate them from other issues in your vehicle.

What Are Signs of a Bad Car Battery Vs. an Alternator?

When trouble arises, it could be several things in your car. Some confuse problems with their battery and alternator, wasting time and money. Knowing the signs of a bad car battery vs. an alternator is essential for car maintenance.

Bad Car Battery Signs

First, start with the battery. Here are some common indicators to prove your battery is the culprit:

• Radio: Turn the keys in the ignition to start your car. Does the radio turn on? If it doesn’t, that’s a sign your battery has a low charge and is about to die. Checking the radio and headlights are two of the fastest ways to diagnose a battery issue. 
• Clicking: When cranking the motor, you may start to hear clicking noises. This sound should indicate battery problems because something is wrong with the device. You may have loose wires, a dysfunctional motor or corrosion on your battery. 
• Dashboard: Another easy way to tell if your battery has trouble is to check your dashboard. Your car should indicate battery issues with the appropriate symbol on the dashboard. If so, it’s time to pop the hood and diagnose the problem or ask a professional to see it. 
• Corrosion: If you pop the hood, you should first look for corrosion. You’ll know this decay when you see it because it looks disgusting surrounding your battery. Corrosion consists of lead sulfate crystals that are building around the terminals. Typically, it brings a light blue or white color. Be careful with corrosion because it can burn your skin and eyes once exposed.  
• Sulfuric smells: Other apparent signs of a bad car battery vs. an alternator are the smells radiating from your car. If your nose starts to smell sulfur, that’s a sign of a dead battery. Others have compared dead batteries to rotten eggs or sewage. Regardless, it’s something you don’t want to smell like on a date with your partner. 

Bad Alternator Signs

Those problems typically come with a bad car battery, so beware of these signs of a bad alternator: 

• Dead batteries: If your battery is dead, that’s a huge problem. However, the source of your issue could come from the alternator. Alternators are responsible for powering your battery. So, if your battery keeps dying despite your troubleshooting, the alternator may be the culprit.
• Battery Warning Light Doesn’t Disappear: When you start the engine, you’ll see a battery sign or charge icon coming on. This light normally disappears shortly after turning on the machine. If it doesn’t, it signals a dysfunction in the alternator.
• Odd lighting: When your lights turn on, are they super dim or way too bright? The alternator could cause this problem by supplying inadequate power to your electrical systems. If the inside and outside lights flicker, dim or are incredibly bright, it can imply the alternator can’t provide stable and continuous power, leading to these lighting problems. Using your vehicle when you have these concerns is dangerous, so examine it immediately.
• Odd noises: Weird noises are another factor to watch out for with alternator issues. Instead of clicking, listen for buzzing, whining and grinding (not the sounds Akon describes in one of his songs). These noises indicate alternator issues. 
• Bad smells: Foul smells are another sign alternators have in common with batteries. With alternators, you’re most likely to smell burning rubber. This scent is familiar at racetracks, but it’s not something you want to get from your alternator. The burning rubber smell is likely due to the high friction caused by a loose or slipping of the serpentine belt. If you smell an electrical burn, it could be related to the alternator itself.
• Electrical Issues: The alternator converts mechanical energy to electrical to charge the battery and power up electrical accessories in the car. If the electric generator fails, you may notice the fan speed is slow, power windows are not working, the radio doesn’t turn on and the dashboard lights malfunction. All electrical problems are likely connected to the alternator.
• Belts: Make belt inspection part of your maintenance routine because it could lead to alternator issues. For example, your alternator belt can wear because it tightens and loosens over time. The last thing you need is a cracked belt.  
• Overheating: If the engine temperature gauge shows an above-normal reading, it can mean the alternator doesn’t provide enough energy to circulate the engine coolant.

How Can You Fix Your Alternator?

If your alternator doesn’t work, you can forget about going to work, the gym or that fun party someone invited you to. Instead, you’ll be at home fixing your alternator. Sometimes, you can jumpstart a car with a bad alternator, but you won’t last long on the road. It’s time to get to work!

If you like getting your hands dirty, there are a few steps you can take to fix your alternator. Here are some common approaches to addressing alternator issues.

Research 

The first step you’ll need to take is research. Find your alternator online with a detailed diagram to understand the parts. Your manufacturer or reputable websites should have publicly available information on the alternator. With this diagram, you’ll feel more confident in navigating your way around the device. 

Assemble a Kit

Next, get your tools together to ensure the job goes smoothly and stay safe. Some tools you’ll need for alternator repair include sockets and wrenches, ratchets, gloves, safety goggles and tools for belt tensioning. This equipment is ideal if you want to replace your alternator at home. If not, you’ll need a professional.

Check the Battery

Before beginning repairs on your alternator, you want to be entirely sure the alternator is the problem and not the battery at fault. To accomplish this, you can use a voltmeter to measure the voltage of electric power released from your alternator. Your battery voltage should generally be above 12.65 volts. Therefore, if your voltmeter gets a lower reading, you will have a better idea if it is the alternator of the battery.

Get Started

When you are confident it is the alternator, the repairs can be simple to do yourself. 

First, you will need to disconnect the battery and remove the belt. From there, you need to unbolt the alternator from the engine and disconnect the wires. With the alternator removed from the vehicle, you can replace the different parts depending on the problem.

Some common problems include wearing down the carbon brushes or worn down contact rings that might need replacing. If you are uncertain of the exact cause of your failed alternator, take it to a mechanic to complete the repair without further damaging it.

How Much Is an Alternator for a Car?

One pressing question that comes up during replacement is the alternator replacement cost. The cost to change an alternator is anywhere between $500 to $2,500, depending on the vehicle and other factors like labor.

J.D. Power says your alternator will cost between $100 and $350, depending on your vehicle’s make and model. Additionally, you’ll need to account for parts and labor — some alternator jobs require a serpentine belt replacement. Altogether, you’re looking at a minimum $500 receipt that can easily climb toward the thousands. If you need to fix your car’s generator, here are other components affecting the final cost.

• Vehicle specifications: Similar to a mobile phone charger, you should get an alternator compatible with the year, model, make and engine size of your car for it to work.

• Mounting style: Not all car charging systems are the same, so you must choose a car part intended for your vehicle.

• Amperage ratings: Some alternators have only about 60 amps-70 amps, while some high-output alternatives generate more than 200 amps. You need to pick a replacement that suits the required amperage of your vehicle’s electrical system. If you install a lower amperage alternator to a higher amperage-required vehicle, it may fail prematurely or damage the battery. As it can’t provide a sufficient electrical load to power electrical accessories, you may be unable to use the radio, headlights and phone charging features.

• Electrical connections: Most alternators use three-wire electrical connections, but some cars have one wire to simplify the wiring. Check how many wires your alternator has to get a suitable replacement.

• Labor: You’ll also have to pay for the mechanic if you require the service.

The car alternator cost may scare some people, and that’s OK. Tight budgets are the norm for the average guy if your income is low or you have other financial obligations. Save money on your alternator by buying a refurbished device or doing the job yourself. Refurbished alternators are often just as good as new ones, and doing it yourself can save hundreds of dollars. Ask a professional to test your refurbished alternator before you buy. 

What Are Some Options to Lower Alternator Replacement Cost?

An alternator has an average life span of 6-10 years or approximately 80,000 miles-150,000 miles. Given how much an alternator is for a car, it’s normal to feel some trepidation when it comes time to switch in a new one.

Replacing it is costly, but you can drive down the cost with these tips:

1. Get an Aftermarket Alternator

They’re more affordable than original ones, but pick something of high quality. You’ll find heaps of options for cheap aftermarket products, but they don’t last long. Do your research or ask friends for a good car part supplier.

2. Get a Refurbished Replacement

You can also save by opting to buy a rebuilt charging system. Find a trustworthy seller or check online sites. Some offer a warranty, so you can request a repair or substitute if the product malfunctions within the period.

3. Rebuild Your Own Alternator

If you’re knowledgeable about automotive parts, you can rebuild the battery charger. Disassemble the inside parts and components. Check for any damage or cracks and replace faulty components. It’s way more affordable as you don’t have to pay for labor when installing it back.

Can I Replace the Alternator by Myself?

If you have basic automotive knowledge, you can fix the alternator yourself. If you’re confident with your skills, purchase an alternator replacement repair kit online or in automotive shops. You should hire a mechanic if you don’t have the specialized tools needed to perform the replacement.

Answering the Question: What Does the Alternator Do in a Car?

The engine gets much of the credit for powering your car, and rightfully so. However, it’s easy to forget complementary parts like the alternator. Your alternator keeps your electrical systems working correctly, so keeping up with maintenance is essential. Routinely check the belts and ask a professional to test your alternator to ensure it’s functional. 

Alternator replacement cost varies, depending on the car model, ampere ratings and other essential factors. You may need to change this part once or twice throughout the lifetime of your wheels. A car alternator cost can hit your wallet hard, so research carefully. Use this guide for your alternator issues.

The post Car Alternator: All You Need to Know (Updated for 2024) appeared first on Modded.

Owning a vehicle is an expensive rite of passage. Over time, pieces of equipment break down and require pricey maintenance to ensure safe operations — this includes brake pad replacement costs.

Your car’s brakes are some of the most crucial components — a faulty brake pad system could wreak havoc on your vehicle and put you at risk of a severe car accident.

Staying ahead of potential issues with your brake pads and practicing proper vehicle care to ensure they last longer is critical. Here is everything you need to know about replacing and maintaining your brake pads with careful driving. 

How Much Does a Brake Pad Replacement Cost?

Although not as expensive as other vehicle malfunctions, brake pad replacement costs are still high. According to AAA, you could pay $100–$300 per axle to fix your brake pads. There are two tires per axle — meaning a brake pad replacement could cost you an average of $600 for both sets of tires.

Of course, your vehicle make and model significantly affect how much a brake pad replacement is. A large SUV will have more costly brake pads than a small SUV. 

You could also end up with a bill for $500 per axle if you must change the rotors, bringing your brake pad and rotor replacement costs to $1,000 for both sets.

The best way to determine how much a replacement cost is to get a quote from a local auto repair shop. If you have a warranty on your vehicle, your car dealership can also provide you with replacement parts.

Types of Brake Pads

Depending on your vehicle manufacturer and driving habits, you may require ceramic or semi-metallic brake pads. Here’s a breakdown of their differences.

Ceramic Brake Pads

Ceramic brake pads are precisely as they sound: A denser, copper-infused ceramic than you’d find in pottery — the copper added for more friction and heat conductivity. 

They are quieter than semi-metallic brake pads and are commonly found in high-end vehicles. Because they reduce rotor friction and last longer than their metallic counterparts, you can expect to pay more for ceramic brake pads. 

Semi-Metallic Brake Pads

Semi-metallic brake pad performance is ideal for long-distance travel, trucking and racing vehicles. Imagine braking from high-speed operations during a car race or a tractor-trailer coming to a screeching halt when someone cuts in front of them. These brake pads quell heat and withstand frigid temperatures with slower wear.

The downsides to semi-metallic brake pads are the noise and brake dust they generate. You will need to wash your wheels frequently after using your vehicle. 

Regardless, you’ll need to contend with more significant wear due to pad and rotor friction, resulting in replacing the equipment regularly.

When to Replace Your Brake Pads

Quality brake pads should last 20,000 to 70,000 miles if you give them proper care and maintenance. Semi-metallic might show signs of wear after 20,000 miles. Additionally, driving with a stop-go motion in a city will reduce their life span.

The easiest way to tell whether you need to replace your brake pads is in the following ways:

• Your warning indicator light comes on
• You can feel the brake pedal vibrate when you step down
• You hear a grinding or squeaking sound when you hit the brakes
• It takes a longer time for your car to come to a stop when you step on the brake pedal

Brand-new brake pads will measure 8–10 millimeters (mm) in the rear and 12 mm in the front axle. You must replace the brake pads immediately when they are less than 3 mm.

Ask your auto repair shop technicians to check the brake pads during your oil change, especially if you’re coming up to the appropriate mileage for a replacement. You can hold off on a replacement if the brake pads are around 4–6 mm and budget for it instead. 

What Happens if You Don’t Replace Your Brake Pads?

In August 2020, 12% of 43,565 commercial cars were cited with brake violations. This is particularly concerning, considering brake-related issues accounted for 22% of vehicle crashes in 2015. The last thing you want is to put yourself or other drivers at risk because you have faulty brake pads. 

The longer you wait to replace your brake pads, the greater the risk of rotor damage — leading to higher brake pad replacement costs. Likewise, worn brake pads could cause the rotors to overheat, leading to them exploding and damaging other car parts.

Perhaps the worst outcome would be your vehicle doesn’t stop when you need it to, such as driving downhill or on the highway. Many people have experienced stepping down on the brake pedal only for the car to keep moving.

Make Your Brake Pads Last Longer

You can increase your brake pads’ life span and ensure optimal driving safety in a few ways. For one thing, paying attention to manufacturer recalls could be a matter of life or death.

Some of the biggest auto recalls in history have saved ample lives. For example, Toyota recalled 9 million cars in 2010 when a faulty gas pedal led to 89 deaths and 57 injuries.

Other ways to prevent excessive wear and tear on your brake pads include the following:

• Avoid braking abruptly from high-speed movement — bring your vehicle to a stop slowly.
• Avoid “brake taps” — when you step on the brake and accelerator simultaneously. 
• Start stopping your vehicle further back when you see a red light in the distance — the closer you are, the harder you’ll need to step on the brake.
• Do not weigh your car with objects — this will add pressure to your brakes.
• Lower your speed by coasting before stepping on the brakes.

Likewise, you should flush your brakes every three years or 35,000–60,000 miles, whichever comes first. Flushing your brakes prevents brake fading and future wheel cylinder issues. A good flushing also improves brake performance, in general.

Brake Pad Replacements Are Common Sense Vehicle Safety

You may not want to dish out brake pad replacement costs, but doing so will ensure safer driving. After all, getting caught without working brakes could put your life at risk. Use common sense and get your brake pads checked. If it’s been some time, be prepared to budget for their replacement.  

The post A Helpful Guide to Brake Pad Replacement Costs appeared first on Modded.

Car inspections are simple procedures, but they’re essential for your vehicle’s health and the safety of everyone around you. They ensure its emissions are acceptable and its main components are in good working order. Follow these tips to learn how to pass a car inspection and keep your vehicle safe.

1. Know Your State’s Laws

Each state has unique laws for car inspections that every citizen should know. Some require a full safety inspection annually regardless of your driving record, while others simply encourage residents to inspect their own vehicles. Some states even have different requirements for specific counties or districts.

Certain vehicles, such as EVs, classic cars, collector vehicles and motorcycles, might be exempt from inspections, depending on the state. Generally, you should get an annual or biannual check, regardless of state or local laws, to keep your car in good condition.

2. Appreciate the Consequences

Nobody will force you to get an inspection. You have to take the initiative and seek a trusted mechanic. You might be able to avoid getting a check for a few years, but if a police officer notices your sticker has expired, you will face costly fines for noncompliance. Some states will even deny your car’s registration renewal.

If your vehicle fails an inspection, you won’t face any legal repercussions the first time. However, you must pay for the necessary repairs, which might be even more expensive than the fine. Either way, your negligence will have serious consequences.

3. Clean the Interior

Start by cleaning your car’s interior and removing all the trash. A clean and organized vehicle shows you’re a responsible car owner and improves your chances of passing the inspection. Conversely, a cluttered and messy interior shows you’re lazy and inattentive. The inspector could also fail you if the mess interferes with your driving, such as having garbage on the floor that could get under your brake pedal.

4. Test Your Steering’s Alignment

A steering test is one of the most important parts of a car inspection. You must ensure your steering wheel functions properly and that other components, like the shock absorber and ball joints, are in good condition. You should get a realignment before your inspection if your car slightly pulls in either direction.

5. Make Sure Your Seatbelts Work

Seatbelts are one of the most overlooked car parts, which is sad considering that 51% of people who died in car accidents weren’t wearing them. That’s why inspectors take them so seriously. Your seatbelts must work without issue. If one of them malfunctions — even one in the backseat — you won’t pass the inspection. 

6. Get an Engine Tuneup

Passing a car inspection will be a piece of cake if you take good care of your engine. Get a tune-up to make sure everything is working properly before your appointment. These items will be repaired or replaced:

• Emission levels
• Bad spark plugs
• Spark plug wires
• Oil and oil filters
• Air filters
• Fuel filters
• Fuel lines
• Coolant hoses
• Serpentine belts

Your car’s emission levels are extremely important. Aside from confirming the vehicle’s safety, the secondary purpose of an inspection is to ensure they aren’t releasing too many pollutants.

7. Check Your Lights

Ensure all your lights — headlights, taillights, brake lights, high beams and turn signals — are bright and powerful. Clean them to make them shiny again if they’re too dim or foggy. If one of the bulbs is out, you can easily find a replacement at your local auto parts or hardware store.

8. Clean Your Windows and Mirrors

You also need to clean your windows because visibility will be a crucial component of your car inspection. If it’s difficult to see the road because your windshield or mirrors are too dirty, you won’t pass. Nothing inside or outside the vehicle should impact your visibility while driving. Don’t fail the inspection over something this simple.

9. Reinflate or Replace Your Tires

Next, check out your tires. Inflate them to their required PSIs and replace any tire with uneven tread or other signs of damage. The inspector probably won’t fail you if your tires look uneven, but you might as well change them now instead of risking a failed inspection. 

10. Gather Your Insurance and Registration Info

Gather your insurance and registration documents before taking your car in for inspection. This simple last step will make everyone’s lives easier. You and the inspector can seamlessly review your car’s information and finish the assessment in 20-30 minutes. 

Pass Your Car Inspection With Flying Colors

Knowing how to pass a car inspection is a simple matter of responsibility. If you take good care of your vehicle inside and out, you should pass a safety or emissions check with flying colors. Keep these 10 points in mind and you’ll get through the inspection in the blink of an eye. It might be a hassle, but it’s for the well-being of yourself and every driver around you.

The post Car Inspection Checklist: 10 Tips to Pass Your Car Inspection appeared first on Modded.

Diagnosing car problems is an acquired skill. You won’t learn how to identify your vehicle’s mechanical issues overnight, but you can take a few big steps to expand your knowledge. Follow these five beginner tips to become better at diagnosing car problems and grow your confidence behind the wheel.

1. Check the Fluids Often

A vehicle’s various fluids give essential parts the lubrication and support necessary to function at a high level. Check these fluid levels regularly to promote the long-term health of their corresponding parts:

• Oil and oil filter: clean oil gathers debris fast, which means the engine doesn’t get sufficient lubrication and support. Commercial vehicles can go a long time without an oil change, but don’t push the limit. Change the oil and replace the filter every 5,000 miles or every six months to keep the engine healthy. 

• Transmission fluid: keep your trucks’ transmission systems cool and functional by replacing the transmission fluid at least once every 30,000 miles or more frequently if the vehicles have manual transmission.

• Engine coolant: this fluid can go a long time without maintenance, but you should check it after 30,000 miles. You want the engine’s other fluids to have consistent boiling and freezing points.

• Power steering fluid: change the power steering fluid every 50,000 miles or two years to keep the pump, rack and other power steering parts working correctly.

• Brake fluid: most vehicles need new brake fluid after several years, but with work trucks, you should check the brake fluid at least once a year to ensure the safety of your workers, other drivers and pedestrians.

• Windshield fluid: refill the windshield wiper fluid as soon as it runs out. Work truck windshields get dirty fast, and your workers need a quick solution.

Staying on top of your vehicle’s fluids is a crucial part of diagnosing car problems. It will help you identify issues in their early stages before they endanger your car’s long-term health. Plus, you will gain lots of valuable experience and become well-versed in car parts more quickly.

2. Prioritize the Tires

Along with your car’s fluids, you should prioritize the tires. They’re simple parts that newbies and novices should feel comfortable working with. They also get a lot of wear and tear, so it’s important to closely monitor their condition. Watch out for these problems when diagnosing your car problems: 

• Underinflation
• Punctures
• Uneven tread wear
• Debris in the treads
• Bulges, cracks and misalignments

Damaged tires also increase your chances of getting into an accident, so you want to nip these minor issues in the bud before they get worse. Routinely align your wheels and keep your tires at their proper inflation levels.

3. Become a Detailing Pro

Washing and waxing your car’s exterior will help you gain more knowledge to diagnose car problems. Frequent cleanings are also beneficial for other reasons:

• Keeps the undercarriage healthy
• Improves driving visibility
• Protects the vehicle’s paint from salt, sand and other abrasive debris

If you follow a regular detailing routine for just a few months, you will become a pro at basic car exterior maintenance. This skill is an irreplaceable part of diagnosing car problems. After all, most mechanics and car technicians got their start by cleaning their parents’ cars.

4. Keep Up With Tech Advancements

Your car diagnosing skills can only improve if you keep up with the latest advancements in the automotive industry. For example, many vehicles now have fault codes that automatically send you an alert when a specific mechanical issue arises. This feature directs you to the problem and gives you more time to fix it, making your life much easier.  

Here are some other new technologies that can help your maintenance efforts:

• Handheld inspection devices
• Automatic data capturing systems
• Tire pressure monitoring system
• Online maintenance and training manuals
• Inventory software for vehicles and auto parts

The responsibility of diagnosing and fixing your car’s problems isn’t entirely on your shoulders. Use the technology available today to lighten the burden and simplify your car maintenance.

5. Communicate With Your Technician

Your technician has all of your car’s diagnostic information. They are a fantastic resource that you should consult as often as possible. Discuss preventative maintenance strategies with them and talk about the common problems that your make and model experiences. 

You also need to review your inspection forms with the technician so you’re fully aware of each problem — and potential problem – your car has. Constant communication is essential for diagnosing car problems in a timely fashion.

Become a Car Expert One Repair at a Time

Diagnosing car problems is easy for mechanics because they have years and years of firsthand experience. You won’t become a car expert just by watching video tutorials on YouTube. The only way is to learn from your own experiences, one repair at a time. 

The post Diagnosing Car Problems: 5 Tips for Beginners appeared first on Modded.